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Public-Key Encryption Structure
Network Security
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Public-Key Encryption Structure
Objectives of the Topic After completing this topic, a student will be able to explain structure of Public-key encryption.
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Public-Key Encryption Structure
Figures and material in this topic have been adapted from “Network Security Essentials : Applications and Standards”, 2014, by William Stallings.
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Public-Key Encryption Structure
Public-key encryption, first publicly proposed by Diffie and Hellman in 1976.
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Public-Key Encryption Structure
Public-key algorithms are based on mathematical functions rather than on simple operations on bit patterns, such as are used in symmetric encryption algorithms.
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Public-Key Encryption Structure
More important, public-key cryptography is asymmetric, involving the use of two separate keys—in contrast to the symmetric conventional encryption, which uses only one key.
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Public-Key Encryption Structure
The use of two keys has profound consequences in the areas of confidentiality, key distribution, and authentication.
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Public-Key Encryption Structure
A public-key encryption scheme has six ingredients. Plaintext: This is the readable message or data that is fed into the algorithm as input.
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Public-Key Encryption Structure
Encryption algorithm: The encryption algorithm performs various transformations on the plaintext.
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Public-Key Encryption Structure
Public and private key: This is a pair of keys; one is used for encryption, the other is used for decryption. The exact transformations performed by the encryption algorithm depend on the public or private key.
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Public-Key Encryption Structure
The public key of the pair is made public for others to use, while the private key is known only to its owner.
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Public-Key Encryption Structure
Ciphertext: This is the scrambled message produced as output. It depends on the plaintext and the key. For a given message, two different keys will produce two different ciphertexts.
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Public-Key Encryption Structure
Decryption algorithm: This algorithm accepts the ciphertext and the matching key and produces the original plaintext.
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Public-Key Encryption Structure
A general-purpose public-key cryptographic algorithm relies on one key for encryption and a different but related key for decryption.
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Public-Key Encryption Structure
Working 1. Each user generates a pair of keys to be used for the encryption and decryption of messages.
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Public-Key Encryption Structure
2. Each user places one of the two keys in a public register or other accessible file. This is the public key. The companion key is kept private. Each user maintains a collection of public keys obtained from others.
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Public-Key Encryption Structure
3. If Bob wishes to send a private message to Alice, Bob encrypts the message using Alice’s public key.
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Public-Key Encryption Structure
4. When Alice receives the message, she decrypts it using her private key. No other recipient can decrypt the message because only Alice knows Alice’s private key.
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Public-Key Encryption Structure
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Public-Key Encryption Structure
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