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Nail Structure & Growth
Module 09 – 16’
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Introduction ** write on page 198** Reflect general health of body
Educate yourself Natural nail’s structure & growth
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Why Study Nail Structure and Growth?
You can expertly groom, strengthen & Beautify nails Knowing the difference between cuticle & eponychium Prepare you for advanced nail services
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The natural Nail Technical name Onyx Natural nail Healthy nail
Hard protective plate Protein – Keratin Appendage of the skin (integumentary system) Composed of keratin Same as found in hair & skin Healthy nail Whitish Translucent Pinkish color of nail bed showing through Firm flexible
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Oil-based nail conditioner/nail polish
Did You Know - page 199 Porous to water Water content Relative to humidity of surrounding environment 15% - 25% Directly effects flexibility Oil-based nail conditioner/nail polish Improve flexibility Reduce water loss
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Nail Anatomy
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Nail Plate Most visible and functional part
Hardened keratin plate sits on and slides across nail bed 100 layers of nail cells Free Edge Extends over tip of finger/toe
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Nail Bed Bed epithelium Living skin on which the nail plate sits
Richly supplied with blood vessels Pinkish area Supplied with nerves Bed epithelium Thin layer of tissue attaching the nail plate to the nail bed Helps guide nail plate along bed as it grows
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Matrix Natural nail is formed Contains
Nerves Lymph Blood vessels to nourish cells Create new cells as long as healthy Extends under the nail fold at base of nail to nail plate
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Lunula Growth can be effected
Lighter color shows the true color of matrix Growth can be effected Poor health Nail disorder or disease is present Injury to matrix
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Cuticle Dead colorless tissue attached to plate
Seal the space between natural plate and living skin above Prevents injury and infection
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Eponychium Living skin at base of nail plate covering matrix area
Cuticle is dead tissue Eponychium is living tissue – legally we cannot cut Checklist page 201
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hyponychium Slightly thickened layer of skin underneath free edge
Creates seal under nail plate to prevent microorganisms from invading and infecting nail bed
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Specialized ligaments
Tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place Specialized ligaments Attach nail bed and matrix to the underlying bone
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Nail Folds Nail folds Nail grooves Sidewall – lateral nail fold
Folds of normal skin that surround nail plate Form nail groves Nail grooves Slits or furrows on sides of nail on which it moves as it grows Sidewall – lateral nail fold Fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail
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Nail Growth Growth of nail plate affected:
Nutrition Exercise Person’s general health Length, width and curvature of matrix determine the thickness, width and curvature of the natural nail plate Longer matrix produces Thicker nail plate Highly curved matrix creates Highly curved free edge
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Growth Average growth – normal adult is 1/10” to 1/8” per month Faster
Summer Children Middle finger Slower Winter Elderly Thumb
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Rate increases dramatically in last trimester of pregnancy
Hormonal changes in body Rate decreases dramatically after delivery Returns to normal as hormones levels return to normal prenatal care vitamins Myth – makes grow faster Grow faster whether taken or not (hormone changes) Toenails grow thicker, harder and slower Did you Know? Page 203
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Nail Malformation Disease, injury, or infection occurs in matrix
Shape or thickness of nail plate can change Natural nail will grow as long as matrix is healthy and undamaged Replacement natural fingernail – 4 – 6 months Replacement natural toenails – months Nails are not shed automatically or periodically as does hair
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Know your nails Creativity must be rounded in a full awareness of the structure and physiology of nails and the surrounding tissue
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