1. Multi-scale approach to HM and POP modelling
Oleg Travnikov, Alexey Gusev, Ilia Ilyin, Victor Shatalov, Valeriy Sokovykh
Meteorological Synthesizing Centre East of EMEP (EMEP/MSC-E)

2. GLEMOS: status and new developments
Global EMEP Multi-media Modelling System (GLEMOS)
Main features:
Multi-pollutant formulation (heavy metals, POPs, aerosol, …)
Multi-media simulation approach
Modular architecture
Consistent approach for multi-scale simulations (multiple nesting)
Atmosphere
Ocean
Terrestrial
Meteorology
Regional
Heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, …)
POPs (HCB, PCDD/Fs, PAH, …)
Chemical reactants
Atmospheric aerosol
Global
Emissions
Geophysics
National
On-going developments:
Multi-scale: Testing the nesting procedure
Multi-media: Oceanic modules for POPs and Hg
Reactants ant aerosol: Development of chemical modules
Pollutants: Hg atmospheric chemistry, wind re-suspension of HMs

3. Multi-scale simulations
Nesting in GLEMOS: regional simulations in lat-lon projection
Global Hg deposition (Jan 2009)
(1°×1°)
Hg deposition in Europe (0.25°×0.25°)
Nesting procedure:
Consistent geometries of inner and outer domains (projection, grids, vertical layers etc.)
Possibility to use the same meteorological driver (WRF)
Use of the same model code for different scales
Temporal resolution of boundary exchange from hourly to monthly

4. Multi-scale simulations
GLEMOS application for local scale simulations in Europe
Hg deposition over the Netherlands
(0.05°×0.05°)
Hg deposition in Europe
(0.25°×0.25°)

5. Multi-media simulations of POPs and Hg
Development of oceanic modules for POPs and Hg
Concentration of PCB-153 in seawater (2009)
New developments:
Implementation of new oceanological driver for multi-media modelling
Evaluation of POP oceanic transport in long-term simulations ( )
Data collection and development of parameterization for Hg chemistry in seawater
Atlantic ocean transect at 45°N (July 2009)
Longitude D e p t h , k m
60W
50W
40W
30W
20W
10W
0.01
0.1 1
pg/L
North America
Europe

6. Development of reactants and aerosol modules for GLEMOS
Chemical reactants and aerosol
Development of reactants and aerosol modules for GLEMOS
Annual mean SO2 air concentration, mg[S]/m3
Concentration in precipitation, mg[S]/L
Purpose:
Support and improvement of HM and POP simulations with consistent data on reactants (SOx, O3, OH, BrO, …) and aerosol
Approach:
Implementation of existing full scale or simplified chemical schemes
Primarily based on developments available within EMEP (MSC-W model)
Keeping the modular approach

7. New developments in Hg modelling
Update and evaluation of Hg chemical scheme
BrO (15 Apr 2009)
Ny Ålesund
Hg0 (15 Apr 2009)
Ny Ålesund
Recent updates:
Assimilation of daily BrO satellite measurements
Further evaluation of Hg chemistry with halogens (Br, BrO)
Improvement of the of the AMDEs mechanism in the Arctic
Refinement of Hg re-emission from snow
Ny Ålesund (Norway)
15 Apr 2009

8. Simulation of dust suspension event from Ukraine, March 2007
Testing dust suspension scheme
Simulation of dust suspension event from Ukraine, March 2007
Objective of the study:
Evaluation and improvement of the dust suspension from arable lands
23-25 March 2007
PM10 measurements in Germany, Czechia, Slovakia and Poland
Southern
Ukraine
Wind-blown dust from arable lands in southern Ukraine
Approach:
Modelling of wind-blown dust episode (23-25 March 2007)
Evaluation vs. detailed PM national observations
Observations:
Germany (UBA) – 302 sites
Czech Rep. (CHMI) – 69 sites
Slovakia (SHMU) – 27 sites
Source: Birmili et al., 2008

9. Simulation of dust suspension from arable lands
Modelling wind-blown dust episode
Simulation of dust suspension from arable lands
PM10 suspension flux in Europe
20 Mar 2007
23 Mar 2007
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
18 Mar 07
19 Mar 07
20 Mar 07
21 Mar 07
22 Mar 07
23 Mar 07
24 Mar 07
25 Mar 07
26 Mar 07
27 Mar 07
28 Mar 07
PM10 total suspension, kg/day x 10 9
Total PM10 suspension from southern Ukraine and Russia
12-28 Mar 2007
24 Mar 2007
25 Mar 2007

10. Simulation of atmospheric transport of wind-blown dust
Modelling wind-blown dust episode
Simulation of atmospheric transport of wind-blown dust
Peak: 24 Mar (05h-24h)
DEHH015
Simulated primary PM10 (24 March)
Peak: 25 Mar (00h-21h)
GB36
Note: The model generally overestimates observed peaks

11. Evaluation and improvement of the model dust scheme
Modelling wind-blown dust episode
Evaluation and improvement of the model dust scheme
Dust event average PM10 concentration
Model modifications:
Refinement of soil data: ISLSCP (1°×1°) → HSWD (0.08°×0.08°)
Revision of micro-meteorological parameters (roughness, front area index etc.)
DEHH015
GB36

12. Refinement of HM enrichment parameters for topsoil
Wind re-suspension of HMs
Refinement of HM enrichment parameters for topsoil
Košetice (CZ3)
Methodology:
HM content in soil based on soil measured (FOREGS atlas)
Surface layer enrichment proportional to multi-year HM deposition to different LC types
Annual mean Pb concentration in air (2007)

13. Application of adjoint modelling for evaluation of emission fields
July 2007
Influence function for CZ3
CZ3
Adjoint model:
An adjoint model to a CTM provides estimates of spatially resolved influence functions ∂C/∂E for a chosen receptor:
Applied approach:
Simulation of daily influence functions for particular receptor (CZ3)
Pb concentration in air (2007)
Variational optimization of emission fields (anthropogenic and re-suspension) to minimize model-measurement discrepancies at selected receptor
Košetice (CZ3)
Analysis of the optimized fields from the view point of possible emission uncertainties

14. Optimization of HM anthropogenic emissions distribution
Application of adjoint modelling
Optimization of HM anthropogenic emissions distribution
Pb concentration in air (2007)
October 2007
Influence function
CZ3
Optimized (anthrop.)
Optimization coefficients
CZ3
Anthrop. emissions
Changes of total Pb emission

15. Optimization of HM re-suspension distribution
Application of adjoint modelling
Optimization of HM re-suspension distribution
Pb concentration in air (2007)
March 2007
Influence function
CZ3
Optimized (re-susp.)
Arable lands
Urban areas
Optimization coefficients
CZ3
Bare lands

16. Main future directions
Multi-media approach:
Development and implementation of oceanic modules for Hg
Pollutants and processes:
Extension of GLEMOS parameterizations to cover wide range of POPs (HCB, PAHs, PCDD/Fs)
Further refinement and evaluation of HM re-suspension scheme (urban and arid areas, seasalt aerosol)
Multi-scale simulations and the model code:
Further work on adaptation of GLEMOS for regional scale simulations within EMEP (0.2°×0.2°)
Preparation of the GLEMOS code for distribution as open source software