1. Packet #10 Campbell—Chapter #5
Lipids
Packet #10
Campbell—Chapter #5

2. Introduction Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Does not contain as many oxygen molecules as carbohydrates
Formed via a condensation reaction and broken apart via hydrolysis
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3. Functions of Lipids Energy Storage Structural Support Insulation
Fats are stored for future energy use
Structural Support
Phospholipids
Critical component of the cell membrane
Insulation
Especially useful where hair and feathers are of little use
Example
Underwater
Blubber in whales
Waterproofing
Waxes
Leaf cuticles are made of waxes
Secreted from sebaceous glands of the skin
Functions of Lipids
Energy
Storage
Structure
Insulation
Waterproof
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4. Components of Lipids Lipids are composed of two parts Glycerol
Head
Hydrophilic
Fatty acids
Tail
Hydrophobic
Some lipids have one of the fatty acids replaced by phosphoric acid
These are called phospholipids
Very important component of the cell membrane
Lipids
Head (Hydrophilic)
Glycerol
Organic Molecule
Tail (Hydrophobic)
Fatty Acids
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5. Glycerol
A syrupy, sweet, colorless or yellowish liquid, C3H8O3, obtained from fats and oils as a byproduct of saponification
Glycerol is used as a solvent, an antifreeze, a plasticizer, a sweetener
Glycerol is used in the production of dynamite, cosmetics, liquid soaps, inks, and lubricants.
A reaction in which an ester is heated with an alkali, such as sodium hydroxide, producing a free alcohol and an acid salt, especially alkaline hydrolysis of a fat or oil to make soap.

6. Fatty Acid Tails
Chain of carbon and hydrogen joined together.

7. Fats & Oils

8. Fats & Oils I Chemically, fats and oils are triglycerides.
Simple lipids
Store energy
Composed of glycerol and three fatty acid chains.
Triglycerides (at room temperature)
Solid
Fats
Liquid
Oils

9. Fats & Oils II Saturated Fats vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated
A molecule that has only single bonds
Found largely in animals
Unsaturated
A molecule that has one or more multiple bonds
Largely comes from plants
Better for one’s health because the ”kinks” prevent the fat molecules from packing closely together.
Helping reduce heart disease
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10. Fats & Oils III—Kinks

11. Phospholipids

12. Phospholipids Found at the surface of cells Four main components
Organic molecule
PO4 {Phosphate/Phosphate Group}
Replaces one of the fatty acid tails
Glycerol
Fatty acids
Two
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13. Phospholipid Bilayer
Phospholipid bilayer is a series of phospholipids that are found at the surface of cells and helps make up the cell membrane.

14. Phospholipid Bi-Layer
More to come in future packets.

15. Other Classes of Lipids

16. Other Classes of Lipids
A number of lipids are not based on the glycerol-fatty acid structure.
However, because they are largely composed of carbon and hydrogen and are non-polar, these molecules are still classified as lipids.
Carotenoids
Light absorbing pigments
Beta carotene
Steroids
Cholesterol
Cell signals
Hormones
Vitamins**
Vitamin A is formed from beta carotene in green and yellow vegetables
Waxes
Repels water on plants and animals
Other Classes of Lipids
Carotenoids
Steroids
Vitamins
Waxes

17. Review