2. AP Biology Lipids energy storage

3. AP Biology Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain 4 types of lipids fats phospholipids steroids waxes fat

4. AP Biology 1. Triglycerides Fat molecules 3 fatty acids chains linked to glycerol

5. AP Biology Fats store energy Long HC chain Hydrophobic “water – fearing” = insoluble in water Function: energy storage very rich 2x carbohydrates cushion organs insulates body

6. AP Biology Saturated fats All C bonded to H No C=C double bonds long, straight chain most animal fats solid at room temp. contributes to cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis) = plaque deposits

7. AP Biology Unsaturated fats At least one C=C double bond in the fatty acids plant & fish fats vegetable oils liquid at room temperature the kinks made by double bonded C prevent the molecules from packing tightly together mono-unsaturated? poly-unsaturated?

8. AP Biology Saturated vs. unsaturated saturatedunsaturated

9. AP Biology 2. Phospholipids Structure: glycerol + 2 fatty acids chains + phosphate head PO 4 negatively charged

10. AP Biology Phospholipids Hydrophobic or hydrophilic? fatty acid tails = hydrophobic PO 4 = hydrophilic head dual “personality” interaction with H 2 O is complex & very important! It likes water & also pushes it away!

11. AP Biology Phospholipids in water Hydrophilic heads attracted to H 2 O Hydrophobic tails “hide” from H 2 O can self-assemble into “bubbles” can also form a phospholipid bilayer Found in animal cells (cell membrane) bilayer

12. AP Biology Steroids ex: cholesterol, sex hormones 4 fused C rings different steroids created by attaching different functional groups to rings cholesterol

13. AP Biology Cholesterol Important cell component animal cell membranes precursor of all other steroids including vertebrate sex hormones high levels in blood may contribute to cardiovascular disease

14. AP Biology Cholesterol helps keep cell membranes fluid & flexible Important component of cell membrane

15. AP Biology From Cholesterol  Sex Hormones What a big difference a few atoms can make!

16. AP Biology What is the function of a triglyceride? 1. Stores and transfers genetic information 2. Stores energy 3. Control the rate of reactions 4. Help to fight disease

17. AP Biology Fats that have at least one double bond between Carbon atoms are called 1. Unsaturated 2. Saturated 3. Glycerol 4. Fatty Acids

18. AP Biology What is another name for a fat molecule? 1. phospholipid 2. Cholesterol 3. Steroid 4. triglyceride

19. AP Biology Phospholipids have a 1. hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail 2. hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

20. AP Biology Which of the following is an example of a steroid 1. Fatty acids 2. Sex Hormones 3. Phospholipids 4. Olive Oil