PRECISION ALIGNMENT IN

PRECISION ALIGNMENT IN
ROTATING EQUIPMENT

Work smarter, not harder with Stealth Series™

50-Years of Experience & 26 Patents…Who Would You Trust?

Stealth Series™ - Reliable - Robust - Repeatable
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Specializations and Certifications
INSTRUCTOR NAME Specializations and Certifications Specializations: Certifications: Laser alignment of axes and pulleys. Dynamic swinging in situ Harvest of dielectric oil and lubricant samples Design, assembly, commissioning and training of protection systems and online monitoring of mechanical vibrations for turbo generators (hydraulics, thermals, wind, biomass), and rotating equipment in the Oil & Gas industry, cement and manufacturing plants in general Category II Vibration Analyst (ISO , Vibration Institute) Ultrasound Inspector Level I (UEQ-TC- 1A, UE Systems) Thermograph Level I (ITC)

INSTRUCTOR NAME Background:
Since 2002 he has worked in the area of maintenance (more than 13 years) Since 2007 he has been in direct contact with predictive maintenance or CBM (Condition Based Maintenance) Instructor the Vibration Institute since 2009 Currently the Coordinator in the area of projects and engineering in Predictive Technologies.

Experience…..

Time to get to know you Name Company and position
Experience with laser alignment? Expectations of the course Passions (CONFESSABLE!!!)

Logistics Course Schedule Health services
Coffee breaks schedule (morning and afternoon) Lunch schedule Emergency evacuation routes Monologue? Rules of the course

Hamar Stealth Series™ History
Incorporated in 1967 by Martin Hamar Pioneered Laser Precision Measurement at Perkin Elmer in 1964 Produced the first laser alignment system in 1964 26 foreign patents and in USA. Main clients include: Boeing: Commercial, Boeing: Military, Caterpillar, Chrysler, Ford, GE, GM, J. Deer, Hyundai, Lockheed Missiles & Defense, NASA, Northrop, Nucor, Sikorsky, Siemens-Westinghouse and many more….

History of the company World leader in laser alignment technology.
Leading company in providing: Precision laser planes Automatic rotating lasers Axis alignment in 5-axis Alignment of wireless axes Spindle alignment Boron alignment (ex: diaphragms of turbines) Extruder alignment Roller alignment Turbine alignment Dual and Triple laser scanning Wireless scanning targets

Hamar Laser Instruments Inc.
Main offices, Service and Production Danbury, Connecticut 06810, USA.

Axis alignment 5-axis wireless system, for laser axis alignment.
Most accurate of the market with an error margin of < 0.15% Dual-Beam™ Technology reduces the errors of PSD by 50% Wireless transmitter sealed within the IP 67 housing Not transmitters with connectors Greatest range of measuring, 33 mm in the vertical axis. Leader of the industry, +14 hours of continuous use of the battery in wireless transmitters Large color graphics with easily executed procedures. 33 ft (10m) wireless operation range Advanced help text integrated in the software Robust industrial design Runs in standard Windows® hardware (PDA or Laptop) The same platform can be used for the levelling of the wireless laser with extreme precision of the L-740 and other geometric systems of Hamar Laser.

S-680 System of 5 wireless axes, for laser axis alignment
Alignment verification list in 5 STEPS Alignment process in 5 steps The software runs on standard machines: Win XP, Vista, or Win 7.0 The Couple6 manual is integrated in the software with the directors links in the relevant sections. Easy to follow screens with wide buttons for touchscreens Auto save functions that continually save data in case of system failure Inches mode/mm or “Thousandths of an inch” (mils).

Isolation of dangerous energies LOTO (Lock Out/Tag Out)

Goals of Lock Out/Tag Out
The purpose of Lock out/Tag Out is to protect the employees against dangerous or uncontrollable energies This is done by Lock out/Tag out to protect the employees

Exceptions to the rules
Lock Out/Tag Out is not needed when Dangerous energies do not exist. Activities occur during the regular routine of production. There are devices controlled by a plug where the technician has exclusive control over the plug. There are operations where a Lock out is not possible (use special procedures)

Types of Dangerous Energies
Electricity Stored electrical energy Moving equipment Thermal Liquid pressure Springs Gravity What other sources of dangerous energy exist at your place of work?

Types of equipment that can require Lock Out/Tag Out
Accumulators Saws Conveyers Pumps Production equipment Liquid systems Motors What equipment in your workplace requires Lock Out/Tag out?

One of the key principles for the security of each employee is that every person involved in the work of production, places their Lock Out/Tag Out on the equipment which they will be performing maintenance work. The blocking of equipment for each employee will only have one key and it will be in their possession. The energy cannot be released accidentally or deliberately until all of the employees have released their blockages. This assures that all of the employees are away from danger when the equipment is started.

Isolation devices of Lock Out/Tag Out
There are many types of devices for isolation: Locks Valve covers Chains Pins for multiple padlocks Blockages Balloon valve blockages

Device requirements for Lock Out/Tag Out
Durable Lock Out/Tag Out devices must be strong enough to resist the work environment. Standardized The company needs to use the same equipment on all of its equipment. Reasonable Size The device must be big enough to be recognizable. Identifiable The device must be easy to recognize.

Lock Out/Tag Out – Affected employees
“Affected employees” are employees that: Operate equipment Adjust Lock Out/Tag Out equipment very infrequently or almost never. Work in the area of equipment that requires Lock Out/Tag Out. The affected employees can be almost everyone in a facility. Affected employees must be trained and able to recognize the requirements of Lock Out/Tag Out.

Responsibility of affected employees
It is the responsibility of affected employees to: Do not touch/remove the Lock Out/Tag Out devices Notify the correct person when the equipment needs maintenance or adjustment Verify that the equipment is operating correctly after Lock Out/Tag Out Follow the safety procedures when operating equipment.

Lock Out/Tag Out – Authorized employees
Authorized employees are employees that: Maintain the equipment Perform repairs on the equipment Perform detailed inspections on the equipment. It is critical that the authorized employees have complete training with Lock Out/Tag Out and that they have a strong understanding of the procedures of Lock Out/Tag out of their own equipment.

Responsibilities of authorized employees
Place the “Danger” tag on the blocked equipment Inform the affected employees of the operation of the LOTO. Ensure the isolation of the energy sources Check the equipment to ensure that the energy was released. Perform repairs/necessary maintenance Remove the LOTO devices once the repairs /maintenance is complete.

Procedures of Lock Out/Tag Out
Six basic steps Notify employees Shut down equipment Isolate the energy Place the blocking device Release stored energy Verify blockage Specific LOTO procedures are required for each piece of equipment that require LOTO Service and maintenance

Lock Out/Tag out in groups
What should be done when more than one person needs to perform maintenance on blocked equipment? Each person needs to place their own padlock on the device. This is done with the use of pins for multiple padlocks and group boxes.

The use of the blocking system
The tags cannot be used as padlocks for blockages They can be only be used without blockages (padlocks) if there is no other way to control the dangerous energy. They will not provide the same level of protection like blockage devices They can only be removed with the authorization of the person who placed them. They must be legible, firmly attached, and resistant to degradation. DANGER DO NOT OPERATE REMARKS: ______________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ _____________________ SEE OTHER SIDE

How to remove a LOTO device from an collaborator who is unavailable?
Communicate the need to remove the blockage and or tag with the supervisor of the person who placed it. Document the attempt to contact the owner on the form or by using the appropriate procedure. Perform a complete system evaluation to ensure that there is no potential for injuries or damages before removing the blockage. Remove the blockage and or tag with the supervisor or the person designated for these cases. DANGER DO NOT OPERATE REMARKS: ______________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ _____________________ SEE OTHER SIDE

Written standards for LOTO
Every company must have a written regulation for LOTO This regulation describes the procedure of LOTO for its equipment. Does your company have written regulations for LOTO? Where is it found?

Dangerous environments and classified areas

What is a classified area?
It is the classification of a particular area for its Class, Division and Group, who’s jurisdiction pertains solely to the OWNER, INSURANCE COMPANY, AND AUTHORITY THAT POSSESSES SAID JURISDICTION.

Classified Areas The classified areas are defined in terms of Class, Division and Group by the NEC. The definition of each one is as following: “CLASS I – Places where Flammable Gases or Vapors are or can be present in the air in sufficient quantities to produce an explosion or inflammable mixtures.” “CLASS II – Places where it is dangerous due to the presence of Combustible Dust.” “CLASS III – Places that are dangerous due to the presence of easily inflammable Fibers or Particles, however these Fibers or Particles do not present the probability of being suspended in the air in quantities sufficient to produce inflammable mixtures.

Classified Areas Every CLASS is later established as a Division 1 or Division 2 DIVISION 1 is an environment that is Generally Dangerous DIVISION 2 is an environment that is Not Generally Dangerous Each Division can be classified additionally according to the gas in particular, vapor or dust, according to the definition of the areas of the group. See the table in the next slide.

Classified Areas

Beginning Precision Alignment

Dial Indicators (comparators)
This instrument does not give measurement values, but it gives measurement variations (where its name comes from). It’s exactitude is related to the type of measurements that you would like to compare, existing with resolutions from 0.01 to mm.

If the contact point moves inward, the readings are positive. If the contact point moves outward, the readings are negative.

Rim and Face Method With this method the Rim indicator measures the offset (parallel) The Face indicator measures the angular misalignment

Runout This is an inexactitude with the rotary mechanical systems, specifically occurring when the axis does not turn exactly in line with the principal rotational axis. For example: when it drills (pierces), the run-out will create a bigger hole than the nominal diameter of the broach installed in the drill, due to the perforation that is being turned eccentrically (outside of the axis instead of in line with the axis). In the case of the bearings, it will cause vibrations to the equipment and accordingly an increase in the load of the bearings, therefore reducing its useful life

Runout The run out is caused by: Eccentric couplings
Non-round couplings Crooked axes Generally, this is measured with an indicator and is expressed in the Total Indicator Reading (TIR)

How to check the Runout First, perform adjustments on the dial
Set the magnetic base of the dial at any point in space, ex: the base of the machine, the housing of the tread, the adjacent coupling (always and when it is disengaged Set the needle of the indicator in contact with the axis to review.

How to check the Runout How to measure the run out?
The axis to review is turned until it reaches its maximum: (+ or -) Next, the indicator is adjusted to zero. The axis is turned again until the indicator reaches it’s maximum (+ or -). This is the value of the run out.

Recommendations Reviewing the Run Out Yes If so: Operator’s end
Run out in the coupling Run out on the axis 0.05 mm or less More than 0.05 mm 0.025 mm or less More than 0.025 The operator’s end is fine, check the driver’s side of the coupling Verify the Run Out of the axis The axis is fine, eccentric coupling The axis is crooked Recommendations Driver’s side Run out in the coupling Run out on the axis 0.05 mm or less More than 0.05 mm 0.025 mm or less More than mm Complete verification of the Run Out Verify the Run Out of the Axis The axis is fine, eccentric coupling The axis is crooked

Measuring the misalignment
Horizontal Plane Vertical Plane

Measuring the misalignment
Angular misalignment Parallel misalignment

Calculations for Alignment: Rim and Face Method
To carry out the Rim and Face method, you must: Mount the comparative dial accessories. Measure the A, B, and C dimensions (shown in the following figure).

Obtain readings as they are found (originals). Determine the vertical positions of the feet. Make vertical corrections Make horizontal corrections

To mount the dial indicators, follow these steps: 1. With the machine without coupling, mount the magnetic base or mounting accessory on the axis or the coupling block 2. Turn the accessory to 12:00. 3. Place the FACE dial indicator. The indicator point should be centered equally for positive or negative movement. 4. Place the RIM dial indicator. The point of the indicator should be centered equally for positive or negative movement.

To obtain original readings: 1. Turn the dial to 12:00. 2. Adjust the dial indicator RIM to the positive sag value. 3. Adjust the FACE dial indicator to zero. 4. Record the readings of both spheres at 12:00. 5. Turn the dials to 3:00. . 6. Record the readings of both indicators 7. Turn the dials to 6:00. 8. Record the readings of both indicators. 9. Turn the dials to 9:00. 10. Record the readings of both indicators. 11. Turn the dials to 12:00 and ensure that both indicators show the readings initially obtained at this point.

Document the readings in a format similar to the following: DIF: FACE Dial indicator DIR: RIM Dial indicator 12 12 9 DIF 3 9 DIR 3 6 6

Measuring and interpreting the vertical misalignment: 1. Rotate the dials to 6

2. Configure the FACE dial indicator to zero. 3. Configure the RIM dial indicator to the SAG value 4. Rotate both axis (if possible) to 12 5. Document the readings obtained of DIR and DIF (TIR)

6. To determine the offset (parallel) and the angularity of the total reading of the dial (TIR) at 12, use the following equations 𝑂𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔: 𝑅𝑖𝑚 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐷𝐼𝑅 𝑇𝐼𝑅 2 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠: 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐷𝐼𝐹 𝑇𝐼𝑅 𝐷𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴

Measuring and interpreting the horizontal misalignment 1. Rotate the dial indicators to 9

2. Set both to dial indicators to zero 3. Rotate both axes to 3 4. Document the readings obtained of DIR and DIF (TIR)

5. To determine the offset (parallel) and angularity of the total reading of the indicator (TIR) at 12, use the following equations: 𝑂𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔: 𝑅𝑖𝑚 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐷𝐼𝑅 𝑇𝐼𝑅 2 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠: 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐷𝐼𝐹 𝑇𝐼𝑅 𝐷𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴

Calculating the positions of the front and rear feet Calculation of the position of the front feet: 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑇𝐼𝑅 𝐴 ×B 𝑅𝐼𝑀 𝑇𝐼𝑅

Calculation of the position of the rear feet: 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑇𝐼𝑅 𝐴 ×(B+C) 𝑅𝐼𝑀 𝑇𝐼𝑅

How to interpret the results obtained? Positive values mean that the feet are above (high), which means shims must be removed. Negative values mean that the feet are below (low), which means shims must be added.

Construction the RIM & FACE graphic 1. Find graphing paper with 10 divisions between the lines (gross lines). 2. Turn the graphing paper so that the long side is horizontal. 3. Draw a horizontal line in the center of the page. This line represents the center of the stationary axis and it is drawn across the middle (horizontal) of the page. 4. Determine the scale of the horizontal chart.

Always use the biggest scale possible. Measure the distance of the indicator point set to the central line of the rear feet of the mobile machine. Standard graphing paper is approximately 10 inches wide. The biggest horizontal scale possible will be the distance from the machine, divided by the width of the page. Note its horizontal scale 5. Make a vertical line on the far left of the horizontal line. This mark represents the point where the dial indicator RIM touches the axis or the coupling block is labelled like: DIR 6. Make a second vertical line that represents the point along the longitude of the axis of the front feet of the mobile machine (FF). 7.Make a third vertical line that represents the point along the longitude of the axis of the rear feet of the mobile machine (RF).

After completing the previous steps, the graphic will be similar to what you see below. For this example, the B and C dimensions are equal, as in 10 inches

After creating the graph, the following step is to draw two offset points (parallelism). One is the offset measuring in the plane of the RIM dial indicator (DIR). The other point of the offset is FACE dial indicator and the “A” dimension. To draw the offsets, perform the following steps: 1. Determine the vertical scale The vertical scale is normally 1 mil (0.001 “) for each division. In the case where gross misalignment where the offset does not adjust to the page, a bigger scale is necessary of 2-3 mils per division 2. Draw the offset of the indicator of the RIM dial indicator, on the DIR line.

Use as a reference, the horizontal line that represents the center of the stationary axis. All of the points above this line are positive (+) and all of the points below this line are negative (-). Ensure that you divide the value of the indicator RIM TIR by 2 to obtain the value of the offset. 3. Draw the second offset point using the pending axis (FACE TIR/ “A” dimension) Draw this point taking in account the DIR offset point !!! In the RIM & FACE graph example, the DIR offset is -10 mils and the pending axis is 4 mils above dimension A by 5 inches (note that dimension A is the horizontal line between the points and this dimension A corresponds to the diameter of the face of the coupling.

After drawing the two points, to determine the position of the mobile axis follow the next steps: 1. Use a ruler to draw a line through the two points of the offset and extend it to the vertical line of the rear feet of the mobile machine. 2. Count the number of squares in the plane of the front and rear feet to determine the position and the necessary corrections that should be performed.

In the example, the front feet of the machine are two mils below; so shims must be added. The front feet are positioned at 6 mils above; so shims should be removed from both front feet.

To make the required VERTICAL corrections, follow the steps below: 1. Determine the vertical position of the mobile machine using calculation techniques and/or graphs. 2. Make changes of the shims on both of the front and rear feet, as necessary. 3. Always check the thickness of the shims with a micrometer. The precut shims do not always have the thickness marked; many shim manufacturers designate the shims with a “nominal” thickness. 4. Use consistent and correct procedures for torque. 5. When performing changing of shims, check and take the necessary precautions to avoid soft foot.

To correct HORIZONTAL misalignment, follow the steps below: 1. Turn the dial indicators to 9:00 and adjust them to zero 2. Turn both axes (if possible) to 3:00. 3. Adjust the dials to half of the values obtained. 4. Move the front feet of the mobile machine while observing the RIM indicator moving to zero 5. Move the rear feet of the mobile machine while observing the FACE indicator moving to zero. 6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 until both dial indicators have readings of zero.

Reverse method of the dial indicator
Widely known as the best method with indicators for axis alignment The stationary indicator measures the error parallel of a plane along the stationary axis The mobile indicator measures the error parallel to the plane along the mobile axis.

Reverse method of the dial indicator
Both of the readings together with the clamp and the dimensions of the machines give the relative position of the mobile axis through calculation methods or graphs.

Impact of Misalignment on Rotary Equipment.
When the axes are misaligned they generate forces in the couplings

Reduces the useful life of equipment in plants Raises the cost of parts by constant replacement of parts Raises the maintenance costs due to stoppages Reduces production Raises the losses of production Reduces the operational security of the plants Raises the electrical energy consumption Raises the amount of noise

Studies in the past 10 years indicate that 50% of problems in machinery are caused by misalignment. Other studies indicate that about 90% of the machines run at their recommended tolerances.

Benefits of Axel Alignment
Effect on Vibrations Energy Saving Wear on Mechanical Components Production Capacity and Product Quality

Vibration

Energy Savings Proper alignment can reduce energy consumption by up to 15% and sometimes more.

Energy Saving A quick method to calculate energy savings is as follows: Measure the amperage before and after aligning Calculate the difference Search engine data Look for the cost of energy at your company KW savings can be calculated with the following formula: (volts * amps * pf * 1,732) 1000 kW =

Mechanical Components Wear and Tear
Bearings Increasing the load will result in an exponential reduction in bearing life Doubling the load will reduce bearing life 1/8 of its estimated life The expected life of a bearing is calculated using the following formula: Bearing Constant Bearing Load [ ] 3 L = 10

Mechanical Components Wear and Tear
Seals Poor alignment can cause a reduction in the useful life from 50% -70%. Lubrication problems are usually caused by leaking seals.

Production Capacity Today, modern production plants depend on high reliability. Unscheduled production stoppages can cost from 5-25 thousand USD/hour. This far exceeds the cost of replacing damaged components.

Product Quality Reduced vibration levels and reduced loads on mechanical components positively impact the final product quality.

Machinery Thermal Expansion
In large groupings of machines and equipment operating at elevated temperatures as a component of the whole machine, consider the effects of thermal expansion on the condition of alignment. If the direction and extent of growth is known, during the alignment procedure, the machines can be misaligned on purpose, so that they grow and are located in the proper alignment point during normal operation. Growth specifications are easier to achieve alignment in the cold, these are usually obtained from the machine manufacturers.

When this information is not available, there are different methods that can be used to determine the compensation growth. The laser system has a thermal growth module that will assist you in determining thermal growth compensation. In a Hamar Laser system, you do not need to calculate anything.

ΔL=L α ΔT Δ L=Expansion L =length α =Expansion Coefficient T =Temperature

Expansion coefficients of materials

Thermal Effects: Heat Sources
Where does thermal expansion come from in machines? 1. Internal or system sources Bearing temperatures Oil and coolant temperatures Process gas or liquid temperatures 2. External sources Sun or shade Coupled machinery External company processes

Measuring the condition of expansion between hot and cold over time.
Stealth™ It works with thermal expansion in 3 ways : The correct expansion input as Gap & Slap (angular and parallel) are always included, measurements are taken from the drawings and/or manufacturers' manuals. Measuring the condition of expansion between hot and cold over time. Optional less expensive units, is the measurement of temperature of thermal growth on the feet and machine material, only select and enter the height of the center of the machine, then select the calculator - READY !!! - Hamar does the rest for you

End of Module 1, Day 1 Questions?

PRECISION ALIGNMENT IN ROTATING EQUIPMENT
MODULE 2

Hardware for Precision Alignment
Stealth Series™ S680 Hardware for Precision Alignment

INDUSTRIAL IP65 RUGGED TYPE TABLET
Display Boxes that Can Take a Beating, and Then Some 8-Inch or 10-Inch Outdoor-Viewable Touchscreens Powered by Windows 8.1 Ease of Use Built into Couple6™ Software Full Computer Functionality Competitor's Displays Units Cost 50% of System Prices

INDUSTRIAL IP65 RUGGED TYPE TABLET
Intel® Core™ i5-5300U vPro Processor Windows Operating System Intel HD Graphics 5500 IPSα Technology for external screens 10.1 inch High Brightness screen Multi-touch capacitive screen Fall resistant (180 cm)* Resistant to water and dust (IP65)* Up to 13 horas of battery life with replaceable battery Hot swappable battery optional Flexible configuration port (serial, LAN, micro SD o USB 2.0) Lightweight design – weights approximately 1.1 Kg

Microsoft Windows® Platform
STOP BEING HELD HOSTAGE BY PROPRIETARY CONTROL BOXES The Stealth Series™ uses rugged tablets, based on the most familiar environment in industry…Windows 7, 8, and 10 are supported and, embedded tablets are available in the majority of computer stores, which in a pinch is a HUGE cost savings over proprietary control boxes our competitors use. WHO DOESN’T KNOW

LASER & TARGET IP67 Without cables that get tangled with the spindle, the heads of the S680 convert its work area into a secured space, and gives you the freedom to move to where you need to be, for the 14 hours that the Target battery lasts (60 hours with the Laser)

LASER & TARGET IP67 Our standard wireless technology of Bluetooth class 1, permits up to 30.5 m (100 ft.) of range of communication For humid working environments, our heads have the IP67 classification. The Target can be submerged in water up to 91 cm (3ft) and continues to transmit data!

Accessories and Their Uses
Clamps, stakes and chains allow subjection of the axes. Kit (S-680T) contains: Set of 4” stakes (101.6mm), 6” (152.4mm), 8” (203.2mm) and 12” (304.8 mm). Set of 17.25” chains (438mm) and 60” (1524 mm). Clamps covering diameters of axis from 1” (25.4mm) up to 12” (304.8mm)

Accessories and Their Uses
Other additional accessories: Offset Clamp. Clamp for non rotating axes Magnetic Clamp

Dual-Beam™ Laser Technology patented by Hamar Laser, that permits the measuring of the offset (parallelism) and angle simultaneously by just using a PSD detector, which increases the exactitude by 50%

Dual-Beam™ Laser Two parallel alternative laser beams, blink (turn off and on) at a rate of 32 times per second Both lasers impact the same PSD sensor, one at a time, in sequence The central beam impacts the PSD directly and measures the offset (parallel) The angular beam is parallel next to the central beam. This is reflected in a prism and passes through a lens with a focal distance of 2.83”, this is reflected in the other prism and impacts the same PSD sensor to measure the angle. The PSD possesses a slight angulation to prevent reflections of the laser beam. The data is processed in the onboard computerized chip , where they are applied by calibration factors, which results in a set of values totally calibrated which are transmitted by the “Software Couple6” via Bluetooth®

Dual-Beam™ Laser To measure the alignment data, we only use the V offset and V angular values. In each position of the dial, the V offset and V angular values are recorded by using a curving adjustment algorithm to calculate the angular and parallel position of the rotational axis of the motor (AOR) in respect to the rotational axis of the driven machine The S-680 utilizes a PSD of 2 axes (which provides 4 axes of alignment values) but only uses the H offset and H angular axes in the Duo-Plane™ Live Move Screen. The H axis is not used for recording data.

Step-by-Step Review of How STEALTH Technology Works
First, the central laser beam is turned on and it measures the V Offset value

Next, the central laser beam turns off to measure the ambient light and subtracts it from the data to increase the exactitude

Now, the angular laser beam turns on and measures the V Angular value in units of inches/2.83 in. (mm/71.9 mm)

Next, the angular laser beam turns off to measure the ambient light and subtracts it from the data to increase the exactitude. The process is repeated constantly to produce alignment values at a rate of 16 readings a second.

How does Dual-Beam™ technology measure the angle?
To measure the angle, a lens is used to increase the angular resolution and the PSD is mounted on its focal point So, for every change in the angle of by .001”/in. (0.1 mm/100 mm) , using a focal longitude lens of 2.83”, the laser beam moves *2.83 = .0028” (0.07 mm) in the PSD. Therefore when the laser beam impacts the PSD and measures the deviation of ” (0.07 mm), you know that the target is inclined by .001”/in. (0.1 mm/100 mm)

Stealth Technology™ Calibration and Precision Values Offset
Extract from the Stealth calibration report that shows the precision of the Offset data, first-axis of measurement To calibrate the of 33x13 mm of the S-680, we run a linearization of the sensor from 560 points and 2 axes, measuring the positional precision with an Renishaw interferometer. For the S-670, we run a linearization of the 80 point sensor and the axis. The data is interpolated between the measuring points and the factors of linearization are calculated and entered in a calibration table in the computer onboard the Target.

The data that is transmitted by the Target is totally calibrated and can be sent to any computer that runs Couple 6. No other calibration is required on the tablet. The measurement errors for the Offset Values are: S-680 <0.15% S-670 <0.30% S-660 < 0.75%

Extract from the Stealth calibration report that shows the precision of the Angular data, first-axis of measurement and rotational The angular measurements of the S-670/S-680 are calibrated by measuring the inclination of the Target in 2-axes, using a rotating encoder like the calibrator of angular measurement. The Target is inclined at a known angle and this is compared with the values of the Target to calculate the calculation factors, which then are entered in the memory of the Target and applied to the angular readings.

Stealth is the only laser alignment system that actually measures and calibrates the angular measurements! All of the other companies only calibrate their PSD’s and do not specify or calibrate the precision of angular measurements. The errors of measurement for angular values are: S-680 <0.75% S-670 <1.00% S-660 < 1.50%

Dual-Beam™ Technology Recording data and results generation
To measure the alignment data of the axis, we look at the deviation of the values relative to a starting point, which is generally 12:00. This eliminates the mounting errors due to support machinery and conditions of the axis. Stealth Technology only uses the V Offset and V angular data in every point of measurement. This virtually eliminates the effects of Backslash in the measurement. With Auto Sweep™, Couple 6 registers the V Offset and V angular data at 16 readings / second. A curving algorithm adjuster adjusts the curves to the data to determine the alignment data (4 axes or 2 alignment planes) of the rotational axes of the axis of the motor in respect to the driven shaft

End of Module 2, Day 2 Questions?

PRECISION ALIGNMENT IN

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