1. Bunsen burner flames David Bailey © Class Leading Ltd. 2013
Free for non-commercial educational use provided that this copyright notice is included.
20/06/2019

2. carbon fuel + plenty of oxygen  carbon dioxide + water
© Class Leading Ltd. 2013
Free for non-commercial educational use provided that this copyright notice is included.
carbon fuel + plenty of oxygen  carbon dioxide + water
e.g. methane + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water O C H H O C O O
Oxygen molecules (O2) enter through air-hole. Plenty can get in as hole fully open.

3. carbon fuel + less oxygen  carbon dioxide + carbon monoxide + water
© Class Leading Ltd. 2013
Free for non-commercial educational use provided that this copyright notice is included.
carbon fuel + less oxygen  carbon dioxide + carbon monoxide + water
e.g. methane + oxygen  carbon dioxide + carbon monoxide + water
Restricting the oxygen means that some carbon can only join with one atom of oxygen, making carbon monoxide. H O C O O
Oxygen molecules (O2) enter through air-hole. Fewer can get in as hole fully open.

4. Carbon (soot) in flame glows yellow when hot.
© Class Leading Ltd. 2013
Free for non-commercial educational use provided that this copyright notice is included.
carbon fuel + little oxygen  carbon dioxide + carbon monoxide + carbon + water
e.g. methane + oxygen  carbon dioxide + carbon monoxide + carbon + water H O C
Carbon (soot) in flame glows yellow when hot. O O
Oxygen molecules (O2) enter through air-hole. Very few can get in as hole is closed