1. Chaoru Lu Xiaobo Qu Jun Bi
Sustainable Mixed Urban Transit System with Electric And Conventional Buses (SMUrTS)
Chaoru Lu
Xiaobo Qu
Jun Bi

2. Introduction Battery electric buses Pros:
high energy efficiency
zero emissions
Cons:
range limitations
battery capacity loss
required charging times of battery
Sustainable urban transit system mixed with conventional and electric buses
Therefore, conventional buses are likely to be continuously replaced by electric buses.
more realistic to develop a sustainable urban transit system mixed with conventional and electric buses in a transitional period until the limitations of electric buses are addressed
for the sustainable mixed urban transit system with conventional and electric buses by considering the service quality and environmental benefit.
SMUrTS is aiming to provide a system-level solution for the transition process from conventional to electric bus system considering the service quality, circular economy, and environmental benefit.

3. Objectives Energy consumption and charging behavior models for e-bus
Feasibility analysis and corresponding replacement plan for electric buses
Demond-responsive scheduling and dispatching strategy ----maximize usage of electric buses
Life cycle cost-benefit analysis of SMUrTS
First of all, to assess the feasibility of electric buses in an urban transit system, appropriate energy consumption and charging behavior models are needed.
1.1 energy model-----passenger data, weather data, traffic data
2. Second, feasibility analysis and corresponding replacement plan for electric buses will be developed to achieve sustainable urban transit system mixed with conventional and electric buses.
2.1 different charging tech-----an alternating current (AC) on-board charger (slow and fast charging), a direct current (DC) off-board charger (fast charging), pantograph charger
3. Third, considering energy consumption, charging behavior and market penetration of electric buses, proper route scheduling and dispatching strategy will be developed to maximize usage of electric buses, which will also maximize the environmental and economic benefits.
4. Considering realistic energy consumption model, proper operation schedule and dispatching plan, a life-cycle cost-benefit analysis will be conducted for the sustainable urban transit system mixed with conventional and electric buses.

4. Expected impacts
Help the government to develop a proper policy to improve the electrification process of the public transit system.
Provide a system-level solution for public transit system operation companies to maximize economic benefits.
The solution for the electrified public transit system in extreme conditions, such as Megacity and Nordic climate.

5. Research Partners China Norway Sweden Beijing Jiaotong University
Beihang University
Norway
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
SINTEF
Sweden
Chalmers University of Technology
Lund University