1. US History and Government
Regents Review Part II
DAY 4 – Constitutional Convention, Manifest Destiny, Civil War, Reconstruction, Industrialization, and Progressives
Mr. Foss and Mr. Bindemann

2. Constitutional Convention
1. Great Compromise
New Jersey Plan (Small States) vs. Virginia Plan (Large States)
Created two house legislature (House of Representatives and Senate)
When
Who
Why
1787 in Philadelphia, PA
55 Delegates from all states but Rhode Island
Articles of Confederation were not sufficient (states)
2. 3/5ths Compromise
Slaves count (Southern States) vs. Slaves don’t count (Northern States)
3/5ths of Slaves counted towards population (House of Representatives)

3. Manifest Destiny
= the idea that the United States should occupy all of the land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
1820 Missouri Compromise
Expanded US
Missouri slave state and Maine free state
banned slavery in Louisiana Territory at the Missouri border
1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act
Popular Sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska Territories (people could vote on slavery)
Bloody Kansas –foreshadowed the Civil War
1800
1900
Territorial Acquisitions:
Louisiana Purchase 1803
Texas Annexation 1845
Oregon Treaty 1846
California and New Mexico 1848
Gadsen Purchase 1853
1803
Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from France
1850 Compromise of 1850
Territory in Utah and New Mexico acquired after Mexican-American War
California became a free state and strict fugitive slave laws were enacted

4. Civil War and Reconstruction
Civil War – Constitutional conflict that centered around federalism (states rights)
Glossary Terms:
Radical Republicans – wanted to punish the south for seceding from the Union
Solid South – Southern states voted exclusively for Democrats
Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan – lenient
grant pardons to southerners who took a loyalty oath
10% of a state took a loyalty oath that state was readmitted to the Union
High ranking confederates could not vote
Andrew Johnson –
Supported Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan and developed similar plan
tense relations with Radical Republicans in Congress led to Tenure of Office Act and most importantly impeachment (one vote shy of conviction

5. Industrial Revolution
When: 19th Century (especially the late 1800’s)
What: New ways of doing business (corporations, monopolies, trusts); Laissez Faire Economics; high tariffs; transcontinental railroad; technological innovations
Historical Period
US Industrial Revolution
Where: Northern States and Cities
Who: Robber Barons or Captains of Industry like Carnegie, Rockefeller and Morgan; Horatio Alger; Darwinism; Henry Ford
Why: Incredible influence on the world today (technology, business practices, labor issues)
How: Labor issues, unfair business practices; poverty, and working conditions from the I.R. led to the Progressive Movement

6. Progressive Movement When: 1901-1917
What: Hull House, muckrakers, NAACP; Government Reforms (Meat Inspection Act and Clayton Antitrust Act)
Historical Period
Progressive Movement
Where: Cities
Who: Muckrakers: Riis, Tarbell, Nast; Sinclair;Jane Addams; Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson
Why: Response to political and corporate abuses at the turn of the century (Industrial Revolution)
How: Improvement in working conditions, living conditions, business practices, and stimulated government reform

7. Practice Questions