1. US Constitution Tested US History and Government NY State Regents Exam Review

2. New Government George Washington’s presidency laid the foundation for all later presidents George Washington’s presidency laid the foundation for all later presidents –Cabinet –Hamilton’s Financial Plan  Wanted to pay off debt with a high tariff, tax on whiskey, and a national bank –Formation of Political Parties  Washington’s Cabinet were split over the tariff and bank issue and thus formed parties

3. Preserving Independence Washington’s Farewell Address (1796) Washington’s Farewell Address (1796) –Cautioned against entering into alliances The Louisiana Purchase (1803) The Louisiana Purchase (1803) –Jefferson purchased territory 2x size of US The War of 1812 The War of 1812 –Defending American rights The Monroe Doctrine (1823) The Monroe Doctrine (1823) –US would oppose colonization in Americas

4. Jacksonian Democracy Andrew Jackson was elected in 1828 Andrew Jackson was elected in 1828 Age of Reform Age of Reform –Expansion of democracy under his time –Spoils system: Jackson replaced bureaucrats with those loyal to him –Closed the National Bank Jackson forced Native Americans to move west of the Mississippi River Jackson forced Native Americans to move west of the Mississippi River

5. Manifest Destiny 1840s Americans believed it was their future to extend the nation’s borders from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean 1840s Americans believed it was their future to extend the nation’s borders from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean Annexation of Texas (1845) Annexation of Texas (1845) Mexican-American War (1846-1848) Mexican-American War (1846-1848) Additional Acquisitions (1853) Additional Acquisitions (1853) –Gadsden Purchase –Oregon Territory –Alaska

6. Causes for Civil War Sectionalism- greater loyalty to states Sectionalism- greater loyalty to states Slavery Slavery –Abolitionists wanted to end it Slavery in the New Territories Slavery in the New Territories –Missouri Compromise (1820) –Bleeding Kansas State’s Rights State’s Rights The Election of Abraham Lincoln The Election of Abraham Lincoln –Southern states began to secede from the Union

7. Highlights of the Civil War Fighting started when Confederates started to shell Fort Sumter in S. Carolina Fighting started when Confederates started to shell Fort Sumter in S. Carolina Emancipation Proclamation (1862) Emancipation Proclamation (1862) –President Lincoln announced that all slaves in states still in rebellion would be free –13 th Amendment eventually would abolish slavery

8. Reconstruction Process after the Civil War of reunifying the nation and rebuilding the south Process after the Civil War of reunifying the nation and rebuilding the south President Andrew Johnson’s Plan President Andrew Johnson’s Plan –Much like Lincoln he wanted to be lenient Radical Republicans’ Congressional Plan Radical Republicans’ Congressional Plan Republicans impeached Johnson for “southern sympathies” Republicans impeached Johnson for “southern sympathies” 15 th Amendment gave freedmen suffrage 15 th Amendment gave freedmen suffrage

9. Aftermath of the Civil War Slaves turned into share-croppers and tenant farmers Slaves turned into share-croppers and tenant farmers Racial segregation emerged after troops left the south Racial segregation emerged after troops left the south Literacy tests, poll taxes restricted voting Literacy tests, poll taxes restricted voting –Grandfather Clauses made exceptions Jim Crow Laws passed Jim Crow Laws passed African-American leaders spoke out on unjust conditions (B.T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois) African-American leaders spoke out on unjust conditions (B.T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois)