1. CH. 5 To the stars through difficulty
Write the Black Wording

2. Ch. 5 To the stars through difficulty
Frontier Forts
Need for protection on the frontier.
Originally built to protect white settlers.
US Army establishes forts throughout KS.
Keep peace in the West
Buffalo Soldiers
Created to keep protect Native Americans
Had to evict people off of Native land
Goal of forts throughout the years:
Protect wagon trains cargo along trails. (Fort Riley)
Protect Native American lands. (Fort Scott)
Conquer land for U.S. government. (Fort Leavenworth)

3. Ch. 5 To the stars through difficulty
Medicine Lodge Peace Treaties
U.S. wanted to make “peace” with Native Americans.
Wanted to place Native Americans on reservations.
U.S. and Plains Indians met at Medicine Lodge
Picked because Natives believed it had healing qualities.
U.S. would provide schools, farming tools, and give them food.
Indians give up some land for settlement and railroads.
Some Native Americans signed the treaty, others did not.
End of Part 1

4. Ch. 5 To the stars through difficulty
Nearly everyone wanted to come to Kansas.
Everyone was welcomed except Native Americans.
Homestead Act
Families could obtain land in West for little cost.
Over age of 21
Had to be a citizen (or intend to be one)
Pay $10 and live/farm on land.
Show improvements over 5 years and receive land title. (160 acres)
Could buy land before 5 years is up for $ per acre.

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Tenant Farming
Offered opportunity for small family farmers.
Starting was not cheap! ($500-$1000 for equipment)
If a farmer failed then they could become a tenant farmer.
Renter, farm land for someone else.
Preemption Act
For Squatters, could buy land after 14 months for $1.25 per acre.
Option to buy land earlier than Homestead Act.

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African American Migration
Many African Americans tried to escape the South.
Exodusters
Second wave of African American settlers.
Named after the Bible Story, Exodus from Egypt
Were very poor, moved to cities instead of setting up settlement.

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European Settlers
Kansas State Bureau – promotes fertile farm land encouraging immigrants to move to Kansas
German
Largest group of settlers in KS.
Economic opportunity, religious/political freedom.
Great Britain
Overcrowded cities in G.B.
Recruited by railroad company’s.
Emigration Company buys land from railroad.
Swedish
Famine in Sweden, large population of farmers.
Religious freedom from Lutheran church.
Disagreement over practices.
End of Part 2

8. Ch. 5 To the stars through difficulty
Railroad (R.R.)
People question gov. role in railroad development.
Pacific Railroad Act
Gov. provides public land to private railroad companies.
R.R. company wants to expand the railway across the country.
Made it easier to move goods.
Kept government cost low.
Thought settlers would follow tracks, increased value of land.
Left over land would be sold to settlers, R.R. companies would make a profit.
Many thought these companies received too much land.

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Population Increase = Growing Economy
Cattle Industry
Technology limited our ability to serve beef.
Had to move cattle closer to people in order to serve fresh.
Demand was high and the supply was low after Civil War.
TX had large population of cattle.
Hard to move the cattle to the eastern markets, no R.R.
Longhorn: Texas = $4, In the East = $40-$50

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The Chisholm Trail
A trail used by cattle drivers that extended from TX – KS
San Antonio, Texas – Abilene, Kansas
Cattle would be picked up by KS R.R. and shipped to Chicago.
Important to have plenty of grass and water for cattle.

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Cowboys
Established contracts to drive cattle north.
Cowboys wage = $24 - $40 a month
Trail boss made me money, but responsible for lost cattle.
Would take about 11 men to drive 3,000 cattle.
Needed about 60 horses.
Equipment
Good Saddle (spent 18 hours a day on a horse)
Pointed toe boots (easy for saddle stirrups, dig heel into dirt when roping cattle)
Hat (protection from sun/rain)
Chaps (Protected legs from tall brush)

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Cowtown's
Towns who emerged/profited from cattle trade.
Ending points for trails.
Abilene, Ellsworth, Wichita, Newton, Dodge City
Competition amongst many towns.
Benefits- Cowboys spent earnings in these towns.
Negatives – TX cattle brought diseases.
End of Cattle Drive
KS bans TX cattle drivers from sections of the state.
Texas Fever – Disease carried by Longhorns, killed off local livestock.
Livestock had to travel west of McPherson, quarantine line.
Railroads finally extend to TX and end cattle drive.

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Kansas Crops
Corn was the logical crop to grow.
Needed simple tools, had high yield.
Corn, Oats were used to feed livestock.
Cotton & Tobacco
Did not work in KS because of our short growing seasons.
Ryle, Barley, Castor Beans, Broomcorn were grown when in demand.
Wheat
Many farmers did not want to grow wheat.
Summer crops were destroyed by locusts.
Forced farmers to grow winter wheat to make up for loses
End of Part 3