1. Aim: What do we need to study for the test? Do Now: Take out Notes on the west HW: Study for test

2. Definitions Sodbusters Sodbusters –Settlers who farmed the Great Plains Exodusters Exodusters –One of a group of African Americans who migrated to the west following the Civil war Steel plow Steel plow –Necessary to plow the tough soil in the west

3. Importance of Buffalo Used the entire animal – clothing, tools, weapons, sleds, cooking vessels Used the entire animal – clothing, tools, weapons, sleds, cooking vessels Plains Indians moved in search of the buffalo. Plains Indians moved in search of the buffalo.

4. Impact of White Settlement Native Americans were forced from their land Native Americans were forced from their land Destroyed the Buffalo – culture of Native Americans was in jeopardy Destroyed the Buffalo – culture of Native Americans was in jeopardy

5. Wounded Knee and Chivington Massacre Many Native Americans were killed – including women and children Many Native Americans were killed – including women and children

6. Little Big Horn General Custer fought the Sioux and Cheyenne General Custer fought the Sioux and Cheyenne

7. Fort Laramie There was a discovery of Gold in the Black hills There was a discovery of Gold in the Black hills A battle was fought. A battle was fought. Treaty was broken and Native Americans were forced to move. Treaty was broken and Native Americans were forced to move.

8. longhorn Large herds of wild cattle in Plains Large herds of wild cattle in Plains

9. Nez Percé Chief Joseph surrendered – “I am tired of fighting…” Chief Joseph surrendered – “I am tired of fighting…”

10. Reservations Federal lands set aside for Native Americans Federal lands set aside for Native Americans Native Americans and White settlers had different concepts of owning land. Native Americans and White settlers had different concepts of owning land.

11. Identify Helen Hunt Jackson – wrote “Century of Dishonor” – about broken promises. Helen Hunt Jackson – wrote “Century of Dishonor” – about broken promises. These promises had been between the Federal Government and the Native Americans These promises had been between the Federal Government and the Native Americans

12. Dawes Act 1887 Gave separate plots of land to each Native American family headed by a male. Gave separate plots of land to each Native American family headed by a male. Much of the land was unsuitable for farming. Much of the land was unsuitable for farming. They had no interest or experience in farming. They had no interest or experience in farming.

13. Homestead Act - 1862 Gave land – 160 acres to develop the west Gave land – 160 acres to develop the west Build a home Build a home Dig a well Dig a well Put up a fence Put up a fence Working farm for 5 years Working farm for 5 years

14. Railroad Development Land grants and loans given to RR companies Land grants and loans given to RR companies Used immigrants to work the RR – difficult work and low pay Used immigrants to work the RR – difficult work and low pay Transcontinental Railroad – met at Promontory Point. Transcontinental Railroad – met at Promontory Point. Impact – many people were able to move west. Increased trade Impact – many people were able to move west. Increased trade Demand for beef in the East brought about an increase in Cattle Ranching. Demand for beef in the East brought about an increase in Cattle Ranching.

15. Identify Cattle Kingdom – large grazing area for cattle – Kansas to Montana Cattle Kingdom – large grazing area for cattle – Kansas to Montana Vaqueros – Spanish Cowboys Vaqueros – Spanish Cowboys Chisholm Trail – cattle trail – cattle was moved to Abilene to be shipped east. Chisholm Trail – cattle trail – cattle was moved to Abilene to be shipped east. End of the open range End of the open range –Harsh weather conditions killed many cattle –Barbed wire was put up – ranchers wanted to protect their lands.