5. We’re here! Who originally brought cattle to Texas?

6. Shirts- 2 wool shirts red is the popular color Pants- wool Hats- broad brimmed hat Boots- with pointed toe and “cowboy heel” Spurs- star shaped will not injure the horse’s sides and easy to walk in Chaps-leather chaps save wear & tear on your pants Lariat- 40ft long rope

7. Cook- goes ahead of the group to prepare the food in a chuck wagon Trail boss- is in charge of the trail drive and money Wrangler- cares for saddle horses Drag- newest & youngest person who works behind the drive Scouts

8. XIT Roundup Brand Remuda- “exchange” Watch out for stampedes on the open range http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNWQQPvNJBs

9. Spanish/Anglo breed Strong animals endure the hot/cold Long pointed horns for protection Average horns about 6 ft long Long legged and strong for travel Travel long without needing a lot of water How were the longhorns suited to the open-range ranching?

10. After Civil War, the demand for beef increased Cattle in Texas was $4 per head Cattle in NE was $30 to $40 per head Expansion of Railroads allowed beef to be shipped Cow towns were built near packinghouses and stockyards Abilene, Kansas was the first cow town Chisholm Trail was the first great cattle trail More railroads build, more trails developed

12. 1) What conclusion can you draw from the map on the previous slide? A. All cattle trails that started in Texas led to towns in the east. B. After the war, ranchers used the trails to bring cattle from other states to Texas. C. After the war, numerous trails were added to support the growing cattle industry in Texas. D. Before the war, increased settlement encouraged Texas ranchers to find new markets for their cattle. 2) Which trail did not go through Indian Territory? 3) What did the final destination of the trails have in common? 4)What general direction did the herds move along the cattle drive? North South East or West 5)How did rivers affect the path of the Goodnight- Loving Trail? 6)Which era in Texas history is associated with cattle drives? A. American Colonization (1820–1835) B. Republic of Texas (1836–1845) C. Economic Development (1860–1920) D. Modern Texas (1939–present)

13. Jesse Chisholm is part Cherokee Indian and traded with them. Trail was established to drive cattle farther west to Abilene,KS with the help of business man Joseph McCoy. To avoid new settlers that lived along the Chisholm Trail Drove cattle to Dodge City, KS

14. Goodnight and Loving Drove the cattle from center Of N. Texas to Pecos. Loving died during a Indian Attack. Goodnight and Adair established the 1 st permanent ranch in the Panhandle, the JA Ranch John Adair

15. The open range became crowded and people felt the need to fence in their cattle and keep others out. Farmers needed to protect their crops from being eaten by cattle during the cattle drive. 1)What do you think the farmers need invent in order to keep the cattle from their crops? Joseph F. Glidden patent barbed wire Windmills can be seen

16. Daniel Webster “80 John” Wallace – most respected black rancher Goodnight and Adair Richard & Henrietta King – well known ranch today. After Richard died Henrietta became the richest women. XIT Ranch- spanned 10 counties. Farwell brothers obtained a contract to a new capitol building in exchange for 3,000,000 acres in the Panhandle.

17. 1. Where did most farm animals come from? 2. What is a vaquero? 3. Of the several jobs, which Cowboy job Cowboy do you think was the worse? 4. Explain why you think that job was the worse? 5. True or False. Life as a cowboy was easy. 6. List one reason why Longhorns were suitable for cattle drives. 7.Was the price for cattle in the NE more or less than the Texas? 8. Name one cattle trail. 9. What was the purpose of cattle trails? 10. What contributed to the closing the open range? 1. Spanish 2. Cowboy 3. Drag 4. Dirtiest 5. False 6. Endure the weather, strong, long horns, do not need a lot of water 7. More 8. Chisholm, Western Goodnight-Loving 9. Send cattle to NE & W for cheaper meat 10. Barb wire