1. Honors Do Now:
People who are vegan (they only eat fruits and vegetables) rarely get cancer.
How would a scientist explore such a statement?

2. Do Now:
“You just got home from school and you want to watch TV.  You pick up the remote and point it at the TV but nothing happens. What do you do?”

3. Share with your group: What did each of you try?
Could each of your strategies have been successful? Why?
What if your solutions did not work? What could you try next?
In science we call this process…

4. The Scientific Method
The scientific method is a systematic approach to problem solving that involves observation and experimentation.
Scientific Method
Way to solve problems
Uses observations and experiments

5. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD Identify a problem State a hypothesis
Steps to Scientific Method
ID Problem
State Hypothesis
Experiment
Form Conclusion
Results
Identify a problem
State a hypothesis
Test the hypothesis (experiment)
Form a conclusion
Publish results
Let’s look at these steps in more detail…

6. 1. Identify a Problem
When a scientist observes a phenomenon, it may occur to them to ask questions…
Why?
How?
What?
When these questions are asked, a scientist has identified a problem that can be solved using the scientific method.
ID Problem
Observe
Ask Why? How? What?

7. 1. Identify a Problem
Once a problem is identified, a scientist must then do research and gather information to find out what is already known about the problem.

8. 2. State a hypothesis
A hypothesis is a possible solution of a scientific problem.
A hypothesis should not be a “wild guess”.
A hypothesis should be based on careful research into what is already known about the problem.
Hypothesis
May solve Sci. Problem
Not a wild guess
Based on Research

9. 3. Test the hypothesis How does a scientist test a hypothesis?
Experiment
Test hypothesis under controlled conditions
How does a scientist test a hypothesis?
A scientist can test a hypothesis by designing an experiment.
An experiment is a procedure to test a hypothesis under controlled conditions.
In order to have a controlled experiment, it’s important to focus on only one variable.

10. 3. Test the hypothesis
Independent variable: the factor that is tested in the experiment.
Dependent variable: a factor that results from, or depends on changes to, the independent variable.
All other factors must remain constant…
A constant is a factor that does not change in the experiment.
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Constant
Being tested
Changed by IV
Does not change

11. 3. Test the hypothesis
Control group: the group used for comparison, it does not contain the independent variable.
Experimental group: the group that is tested. It contains the independent variable and is compared to the control group.
Control Group
Experimental Group
Compared to EG, no independent variable
Affected by IV

12. 3. Test the hypothesis
It is also important to keep a record of everything that is done during an experiment so that the experiment can be repeated by other scientists.

13. 4. Form a conclusion
When the experiment is concluded, scientists must organize the data they have collected.
Conclusion
Organized data from experiment
Can be chart, graph, etc.
Analyze results
Accept/Reject Hypothesis

14. 4. Form a conclusion
When the experiment is concluded, scientists must organize the data they have collected.
One way of doing this is to make charts or graphs of the data.

15. 4. Form a conclusion
Once the data is organized, a scientist can then analyze the data to try and understand what it means.

16. 4. Form a conclusion
They can then come to a conclusion and decide if their hypothesis was correct or incorrect.

17. 4. Form a conclusion
In light of their conclusions, scientists may revise their hypothesis.
They may then design another experiment to test their new hypothesis.

18. 5. Publish results
Scientists must publish results so that their work can be shared with other scientists.
This can be in the form of a lab report, a scientific paper, or even a book.
When other scientists read about the experiment, they can repeat the steps to verify the first scientist’s conclusions.

19. 5. Publish results This verification process is called peer review.
Peer review: a formal process where the results and methods of a scientist’s research are examined by other scientists in the same field.
Peer Review
Formal Process
Other scientists examine results of study

20. The Scientific Method
1. Identify a problem (make observations, ask questions, gather information, do research)
2. State a hypothesis (based on research)
3. Test the hypothesis (design and conduct an experiment, make observations, document procedure)
4. Form a conclusion (organize data, analyze data, figure out the meaning of the data)
5. Publish results (write a lab report, share information with other scientists, repeat experiment)

21. Scientific Method
Keep in mind though that generally hypotheses and even theories are based on an incomplete set of experiments, so that later experiments or advances may provide further information that shows the theory or hypothesis to be incorrect.

22. Safety Test Return
If you scored 90% or better then open this link:
If not, form a group (of at least 3) to go over your answers, ID any incorrect ones, and determine the correct response.

23. Lab on Friday! No lab contract = No experimentation!
You must have scored 90% or higher on the Lab Safety test to participate!
Make-Up Test(s):
M-W: 2:30 - 3:15

24. Do Now: Apply the Scientific Method
Choose one and explain how you would use the scientific method to answer it:
Mice prefer cheese more than other foods
Hot weather ripens fruit
Fingerprint patterns determine intelligence
Vinegar helps plants grow
Classical music helps students prepare for tests

25. Do Now: 4th Period
Lab Safety Kahoot—let’s play to remediate for your re-quiz.

26. All need 90% or above!
If you need a re-quiz on Lab Safety—make time to come before school, after school, or at your lunch time!
Also there are still some outstanding lab contracts—bring those in!

27. Purpose of Pre-Test To give you a bird’s eye view of upcoming content.
To see what (if any) prior content knowledge you have.
To give you a barometer

28. Let’s give it a shot:
Only answer questions you know— leave all others blank—it’s okay to have a lot of blank question.
If you think you know, then take a guess!
Try each problem!
Remember to respect the learning environment and remain silent until all are finished!

29. Google Science Fair Student Name and Age Cause of Interest
Resulting Project

30. Your (Chemistry Related) Interests:
Topics you enjoy:
Gardening
Astronomy
Link them to Chem.
Non-toxic pesticides
Chemical Fingerprints of Stars

31. Shoulder Partner:
What question could you attempt to answer that is of social significance?
What is going on in the world now that might be mitigated by a scientific discovery?
Share your thoughts.

32. Which of you will be a SF winner?