1. Night
Vocabulary

2. Perish (verb)
•To suffer death, typically in a sudden, violent, or untimely way.
•Perish is the kind of word you can imagine being spoken by a helpless princess in a fairy tale or any other damsel in distress––"If I am not rescued soon by my valiant knight," she might say, "I shall perish if I'm left alone up here in this tower to starve.“
•Synonyms: pass away, die, expire, depart, pass on
•Antonyms: grow, create, be born, bear
Forms: perished, perishing
Example sentence: After so many days lost at sea, the shipwreck victims thought they would surely perish.

3. 2. Frail (adjective) Delicate and fragile.
Frail can also be used to describe a person's physical condition: "When I broke my grandmother's vase, she yelled in a voice so loud that it was hard to believe it was coming from her small, frail frame." Another way to use frail is in reference to a person's emotional state. As the poet Sylvia Plath astutely observed, "How frail the human heart must be."
Synonyms: vulnerable, sickly, decrepit, feeble, weak
Antonyms: healthy, strong, hearty, tough, unbreakable
Forms: friality, frailness
Example: The chemo made her so frail that she bruised like a peach.

4. 3. Veritable (adjective)
Not counterfeit or copied; True. Often used as an intensifier. Comes from the Latin word for “true.” But unlike “true,” it does not describe things like statements. It is often used to enhance the word that follows it. "A veritable cornucopia of food" is a lot of food of different varieties. If someone calls you "a veritable force of nature," they don't mean that you are actually a hurricane; they just mean that you have the unstoppable quality of a big old storm.
Synonyms: unquestionable, true, actual, genuine
Antonyms: fake, false, unreal
Forms: veritably
Example: The trees and lights turned the campus into a veritable wonderland.

5. 4. Merciless (adjective)
Having or showing no forgiveness or pity. Use the adjective merciless to describe someone who acts in a cruel, heartless way. You could accuse your rabbit-hunting brother of being merciless.
Synonyms: cruel, heartless, unkind, inhumane, ruthless,
Antonyms: merciful, compassionate, considerate, sympathetic
Forms:mercy, merciful, mercilessly, merciless
Example: While on a hunt, the merciless poacher was fittingly devoured by a lion.

6. 5. Reprieve (noun)
A reprieve is a break in or cancellation of a painful or otherwise lousy situation. If you're being tortured, a reprieve is a break from whatever's tormenting you.
Synonyms: mercy, pardon, postponement, respite
Antonyms: continuation
Forms: reprieved
Example: When half the class didn’t complete the assignment, the kind teacher gave the students a reprieve and let them do it in class.

8. 6. Notorious (adjective)
Known widely and unfavorably. Use the adjective notorious to describe people, places, or things that are famous for a bad reason. A celebrity convicted of a series of crimes might be referred to as notorious, as might a book that has been banned in several countries.
Synonyms: ill-famed, disreputable, infamous
Antonyms: unknown, inconspicuous, moral
Forms: notoriously
Example: Mavericks High School is notorious for having fights and other behavioral issues on campus.

10. 7. Emaciated (adjective)
Very thin, especially from disease, hunger, or cold. An emaciated person or animal isn't just thin. They're bony, gaunt, and most likely undernourished, often from illness. So if an emaciated stray cat shows up on your doorstep, give it a bowl of milk and maybe pay a visit to the vet.
Synonyms: scrawny, skeletal, skinny, atrophied, anorexic
Antonyms: chubby, fat, overweight, plump
Forms: NONE
Example: The stray cat was so emaciated it looked like she hadn’t eaten in weeks.

11. 8. Wallow (verb)
To wallow is to roll about in something, as a pig wallows in mud or a billionaire wallows in money. Wallow can be used to describe a physical action or an emotional state. If you cry "Woe is me!" one too many times, you might be accused of wallowing in self-pity. Because of its association with the much-maligned pig, wallow often has a negative, insulting tone.
Synonyms: flounder, immerse, sprawl, bathe in
Antonyms: NONE
Forms: wallowed, wallowing
Example: When you’re done wallowing in self-pity about how much homework you have, we can get to work.

12. 9. Execute (verb) Put in effect
To murder in a planned fashion as a punishment
Here’s what’s tricky about execute: the first thing you think of is being punished with death for criminal actions. Actually, it's more commonly used in the sense of “to carry out in full.” So don't be alarmed with visions of the hooded guy at the guillotine when someone congratulates you on a plan well executed. Think of the word executive to get a closer grasp of both the meaning and the context.

13. Execute (verb) (cont.)
Synonyms: accomplish, complete, perform, fulfil, carry out
Antonyms: abandon, cancel, prevent, give up
Forms: executed, executing, execution
Example: When I executed the dance move perfectly, my instructor was impressed.

14. 10. Rations (noun/verb)
(noun) A ration is the fixed portion of food or other goods allowed to each person in times of shortages.
(verb) to restrict the consumption of a relatively scarce commodity, as during war.
Synonyms: helping, portion, share (nouns), conserve, restrict, limit (verbs)
Antonyms: collect, gather, keep (verbs)
Forms: ration, rationed, rationing
Example: Teachers must ration their paper since the school does not provide it.

16. 11. Flimsy (adjective)
Lacking solidity or strength. You can describe weak, thin, and fragile things as flimsy. Onion smells are strong, onion skins are flimsy. Blaming onions for making you cry during a sad movie, that's a flimsy excuse, when there are no onions in the theater.
Synonyms: fragile, slight, tenuous, weak
Antonyms: healthy, sound, strong, firm
Forms: NONE
Example: “Ms. Wyce, I couldn’t my work to you because I don’t know your address,” the student gave her flimsy excuse.

17. 12. Crucible (noun)
1.A vessel used for melting materials at high temperatures.
2. A very significant and difficult trial or test. Scaling Mt. Everest with your legs tied together would be a crucible, as would swimming the English Channel blindfolded. Whether or not to have children is a crucible for many people. The title of Arthur Miller’s play The Crucible is an example of this meaning.
Synonyms: melting pot, cauldron, container; ordeal, nightmare
Antonyms: NONE; peace, pleasure, comfort
Forms: crucibles
Example: Some students think of the FSA as a crucible, but it’s really not that bad.

19. 13. Decisive (adjective)
Characterized by decision and firmness. If you make decisions quickly, you are someone who is decisive. A decisive event can settle something, like a war. People who are wishy-washy are the opposite of decisive: being decisive means you don't waffle or take forever to make up your mind, and then you stick by what you decided.
Synonyms: definitive, assured, resolute, absolute, firm, final
Antonyms: inconclusive, indefinite, ineffective, insignificant
Forms: decision, decide, decidedly, decisively, decided
Example: After the social media scandal the decisive principal made a sweeping ban on on cell phones on school campus.

21. 14. Din (noun)
Loud noise. Walk into the average school cafeteria at lunchtime, and you'll get a good sense of what a din is — loud, confused, continuous, generally unpleasant, and often potentially headache-inducing noise.
Synonyms: commotion, pandemonium, racket, uproar, hullabaloo
Antonyms: calm, order, peace, quiet, silence
Forms: NONE
Example: The frustrated teacher had no choice but to yell over the din of the unruly students.

23. 15. Plod (verb)
To walk heavily and firmly, as when weary, or through mud. Plod evokes a difficulty in walking — like when you trudge through mud or walk slowly up a steep hill. You might plod home at the end of a long day, or plod through an overgrown field on a hot afternoon. You can also use plod figuratively, to mean "work on something boring or monotonous."
Synonyms: lumber, trudge, hike, schlepp
Antonyms: tip-toe, breeze, walk lightly
Forms: plodded, plods, plodding
Example: As the tired student plodded to class, he wished he had played hooky that day.

25. Do Now #11: Human Rights
Today we are going to start reading “Night” by Elie Wiesel. He was a Holocaust survivor and winner of the Nobel Peace prize in Throughout his life, he fought for human rights and freedom for people around the world. Think of what he went though, based on what you already know of the Holocaust. Think of the main character in your literature circle book. What basic human rights were both people robbed of? What ARE our basic human rights? Describe the situation your author dealt with in your lit circle book, thinking in terms of human rights they did not have during the story. Discuss human rights and these characters in at least FIVE SENTENCES.

26. Night Comprehension Questions
Authors write for various reasons- to inform, persuade, or entertain. What do the first two paragraphs reveal about the author’s purpose? (1 point)
An author’s purpose can be determined by analyzing his or her rhetoric, or style. One element of rhetoric is verbal irony. This occurs when the writer says something but actually means the opposite. Look for an example of verbal irony in the first section (line 1). How are these words ironic? What is the author really trying to say? (2 points)
Remember that tone is the author’s attitude toward the subject. It is created by the author’s choice of words and examples. Read lines on page 308. Look at the words “slaughterhouse,” and “factories of death.” What tone do these words create? (1 point)
The author’s purpose is to inform readers about his experiences as a prisoner in the concentration camp.
The prisoners are facing a “selection”; some will die, and others will live. This is a grim, ugly prospect, not a beautiful gift.
Despair, horror, fear

27. Night Comprehension Questions
4. Another rhetorical device we have looked at before is an allusion, or a reference to a famous person, place, event, or work outside of the text. Look at the reference to the Last Judgement in line 65. What does that refer to? Why is this an especially strong comparison under these circumstances? (2 points)
5. Most words have different connotations, or shades of meaning, associated with them. These can be positive, negative, or vary depending on how the word is used. The connotation can help create tone. What are the connotations of the word ‘notorious’? (Line 67) What tone is created by the use of this word? (2 points)
6. Sometimes an author repeats a word with a specific connotation in order to reinforce the tone. Reread lines What words or phrases are repeated, and how many times? What are the differences in connotation between the words ‘thin’ and ‘skinny’? What effect does the repetition of ‘skinny’ have? (4 points)
4. God’s final judgement refers to his judgement of a person’s thoughts and actions. In this scene, Yossi is praying and the prisoners are standing- naked and vulnerable- to see if they are next to be killed. The allusion also reminds the reader that the Nazis will be judged as well.
5. The word ‘notorious’ has a negative connotation. The word helps create a tone of fear and anxiety, as the prisoners know that Dr. Mengele has a reputation for cruelty. The author reinforces the tone when he writes that the Blockalteste only “attempted a smile” when Dr. Mengele entered the barrack (lines 68-69).
6. “You are too skinny” is repeated three times; “You are too weak” is repeated twice. ‘Thin’ has a positive connotation, but ‘skinny’ has a negative connotation of depreivation. Repetition of the word serves to show the author’s hunger, despair, weakness, and fear.

28. Night Comprehension Questions
7. Another rhetorical device is parallelism, or parallel structure, which is a repetition of words, phrases, and sentences that have similar grammatical structures. (Think of MLK’s “I Have a Dream” speech.) Reread lines and identify the parallel structures. Explain the effects the parallelism creates. (3 points)
7. He felt, he was, he wanted, he knew, he was; His speech, his voice. The parallel structure creates suspense and helps convey the pressure and panic that the author’s father is feeling.