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GENERAL BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER
11-Jul-19 Micro 8051
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General-purpose microprocessors
Must add RAM, ROM, I/O ports, and timers externally to make them functional. Make the system bulkier and much more expensive. Have the advantage of versatility on the amount of RAM, ROM, and I/O ports. Microcontroller The fixed amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, and number of I/O ports makes them ideal for many applications in which cost and space are critical. In many applications, the space it takes, the power it consumes, and the price per unit are much more critical considerations than the computing power. 11-Jul-19 Micro 8051
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Microprocessor – Basic concept
ADDRESS BUS 32-bit / 64-bit wide CONTROL BUS Timing signals, ready signals, interrupts etc DATA BUS – bidirectional 8-bit / 16-bit / 32-bit / 128-bit CPU Contains ALU data registers and pointer registers Microprocessor, by-itself, completely useless – must have external peripherals to Interact with outside world 11-Jul-19 Micro 8051
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Microprocessor – Basic concept
CONTROL ADDRESS DATA CPU Contains ALU data registers and pointer registers BOOT ROM Used at startup Instruction (program) ROM Transducers Keyboard Screen UART Parallel interface etc Data RAM commonly implies use as a sensor/detector, any device which converts energy can be considered a transducer. Contents [hide] Microprocessor, by-itself, completely useless – must have external peripherals to Interact with outside world 11-Jul-19 Micro 8051
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Issues with external devices
Many pins Design time increased – routing issues Cost increased board size increased. Don’t have “flexibility”. Note: A generic term for any interface logic or protocol that connect two components (GLUE LOGIC). 11-Jul-19 Micro 8051
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Microcontroller – Basic concept
ADDRESS DATA CPU Contains ALU data registers and pointer registers BOOT ROM Used at startup Instruction (program) ROM Transducers UART Parallel interface Etc Data RAM Microcontroller – put a limited amount of most commonly used resources “inside” the chip 11-Jul-19 Micro 8051
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Advantages of microcontroller
Pin count down Design time down, Board layout size down Upgrade path easier – matching between peripherals Cost down – bulk purchases Reliability up Common software / hardware design available from manufacturer 11-Jul-19 Micro 8051
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Issues Two types of memory Real time environment:
On-chip – fast, easy to access, “almost like a register”, limited amount available Off-chip – slower Real time environment: Event driven – can’t WAIT for a device to become ready, can’t POLL to see if device is ready, interrupt handling is key The cache is a smaller, faster memory which stores copies of the data from the most frequently used main memory locations. A video codec is a device or software that enables video compression and/or decompression for digital video. 11-Jul-19 Micro 8051
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Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller
CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and timer are all on a single chip Fixed amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, I/O ports For applications in which cost, power and space are critical Not versatility Single-purpose (control-oriented) Low processing power Low power consumption Instruction sets mainly focus on control and bit-level operations (CLR C, SETB P1.0 etc.,) Typically single-cycle/two-stage pipeline. More number of pins are multifunctioned. Microprocessor CPU is stand-alone, RAM, ROM, I/O, timer are separate Designer can decide on the amount of ROM, RAM and I/O ports. Expensive Versatility General-purpose High processing power High power consumption Instruction sets has one or few bit handling) Typically deep pipeline (5-20 stages) Less number of pins are multifunctioned. versatility 多用途的: any number of applications for PC 11-Jul-19 Micro 8051
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11-Jul-19 Micro 8051
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