2. Chapter 10 Delivering Your Speech
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Erin E. Baird
University of Oklahoma
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3. Overview WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OF VOCAL DELIVERY?
WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OF PHYSICAL DELIVERY?
WHAT ARE THE METHODS OF DELIVERY?
HOW DO YOU PREPARE FOR AN EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH?
HOW SHOULD YOU PREPARE FOR A MEDIATED PRESENTATION?

4. What Are The Elements Of Vocal Delivery?
Photo Credit: ©Paul Burns/Glow Images
10-4
DK Guide to Public Speaking, Second Edition
Lisa A. Ford-Brown
Copyright © 2014, 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved

5. Pitch Monotone = Distracting and boring
Inflection = Enthusiastic, dedicated and excited!
Pitch — how low or high your voice is in frequency — is determined by how fast or slow your vocal cords vibrate.
<<CLICK>> Monotone: a constant pitch that is distracting and boring
<<CLICK>> Inflection: varying your pitch to help you demonstrate enthusiasm, excitement, concern, and dedication

6. Volume Consider room size and audience Environmental noise
Assistance of a microphone
Vary the volume
Make sure you're heard by everyone in the room
Volume—how loud or soft you speak
Discussion Question: How loud do you think you should strive to be during a speech? (Answer: Slightly louder than in normal conversation.)

7. Rate Variation adds excitement and urgency to your speech
Adjust your rate to keep them engaged
Rate—how fast you speak
Pay attention to your audience and know what they need to stay interested and involved

8. Pause Allows your audience to linger on a thought
Emphasizes important points
Helps focus your audience's attention
Pauses can be used for more than just slowing down your speaking rate.
Remove vocal fillers: Speakers tend to use fillers when struggling for their next word or sentence. Use pauses instead. They allow the audience to consider what was just said.

9. Pause Removing Vocal Fillers Practice It's a process
Have someone draw attention to them
Record your speech
Remove vocal fillers—speakers tend to use fillers when struggling for their next word or sentence. Use pauses instead. They allow the audience to consider what was just said.
<<CLICK>> Practice: the more familiar you are, the less you will reach for filler words
<<CLICK>> It's a process: it takes time, but the first step is to notice them consciously
<<CLICK>> Have someone draw attention to them
<<CLICK>> Record your speech

10. Variety Helps bring your words to life
Is essential to effective public speaking
Adds dramatic emphasis to your speech
Variety—fluctuation, changes, and adjustments to volume, pitch, rate, and pauses

11. Pronunciation
Poor pronunciation slows your audience's listening skills as they try to figure out what you intend and can cause misunderstanding
Good pronunciation can elevate your ethos as a public speaker
Pronunciation—standard or commonly accepted way to make a word sound
Ask someone you know to assess your pronunciation skills before presenting in front of the class

12. Articulation Saying each word completely and clearly
Warm-up exercises can help improve articulation
Articulation—how completely and clearly you say each word
As with pronunciation, good articulation can also boost ethos as a speaker
Often used synonymously with enunciation which is the distinctiveness and clarity of linked whole words
Before entering the speech location, open your mouth wide several times, stretching your jaw muscles, then hum as you rapidly vibrate your lips together. This helps loosen the muscles you will be using during the speech.

13. Dialect Cultures' and cocultures' unique ways of talking
Important in establishing cultural identity
Can be confusing to outside audiences
Dialect—all cultures and cocultures have their unique ways of talking
Strive to use correct vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation
Dialects can be regional or ethnic. If your dialect is significantly different than the group you are presenting to, it can be distracting. Use the more standard or widely understood vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation to achieve understanding.

14. What Are The Elements Of Physical Delivery?
Figure Credit: ©Lisa A. Ford-Brown, Published by Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ
What Are The Elements Of Physical Delivery?
How can you express yourself physically in a speech?
Photo Credit: © Rubberball/Glow Images
10-14
DK Guide to Public Speaking, Second Edition
Lisa A. Ford-Brown
Copyright © 2014, 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved

15. Appearance Be well-groomed Dress for the occasion
Consider environmental issues
Have your appearance support your topic
Consider the mood or image
Avoid distracting items
Appearance includes your dress and grooming choices
Discussion Question: What does this mean?
<<CLICK>> for appearance considerations
Make sure your appearance helps and does not hurt your speech
Distracting items include hats, flashy colors, excessive jewelry, etc.

16. Eye Contact Keep the audience focused on you
Create a sense of trustworthiness
Boost your confidence
Eye contact—while cultural norms differ, the United States values direct eye contact.
Show the audience you are interested in them by establishing and maintaining eye contact.

17. Facial Expression Match facial expressions to your verbal message
Keep facial expressions natural
When speaking across cultures, aim for universal expressions
Facial expression is the use of facial features and muscles to convey your internal thoughts or feelings.
<<CLICK>> Make sure your facial expressions match the tone of your speech.
<<CLICK>> Be natural!
<<CLICK>> Six universal facial expressions have been identified that can be understood around the world. They include: happiness, fear, surprise, disgust, anger, and sadness.
Discussion Question: Can you think of any examples of facial expressions that would detract from a message?

18. Gestures Emblems Illustrators Speech- independent
Culturally-learned
Illustrators
Closely linked to verbal content
Speech- dependent
Gestures — when you use your body or parts of it to convey a message or feeling during your speech
<<CLICK>> Emblems — speech-independent gestures (example: waving); culturally learned
<<CLICK>> Illustrators — speech-dependent gestures (example: illustrating the height of a child)
Photo Credit: ©Rubberball/Alamy

19. Movement Dependent on: Topic Audience Occasion
Movement — use of motion and space during the speech.
How to use space depends on your needs, the topic, the audience, and the occasion.
DISCUSSION QUESTION: In what ways would your topic, audience, and occasion be useful to decide how to move during your speech?

20. Posture Good posture Bad posture More natural
More inviting to the audience
Bad posture
Leaning against lectern
Crossing your arms
Posture—the position of your body during your speech.
<<CLICK>> Good posture shows that you are interested in and excited about your speech.
<<CLICK>> Bad posture indicates boredom or fear.
Fake it to make it!
Photo Credit: © Inspirestock Inc/Alamy

21. What Are The Methods of Delivery?
Think about the ways you've seen speeches delivered in the past. How do speakers deliver their speeches?
Photo Credit: ©Sean Nel/iStockphoto
10-21
DK Guide to Public Speaking, Second Edition
Lisa A. Ford-Brown
Copyright © 2014, 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved

22. Extemporaneous Speaking
The most acceptable contemporary delivery method
Is more audience-centered
Allows you to expand on your brief notes as you speak
Extemporaneous speaking — considered the most acceptable contemporary method of delivery;. you plan out, rehearse, and deliver the speech from a key-word/phrase outline.
When should you use it?
It is more audience-centered than others because it is speaking with your audience not to them.
Speaking off of brief notes allows you to respond to feedback.

23. Manuscript Delivery The entire speech written out
Highly technical or detailed information calls for this type of delivery
Requires practice
Be aware of eye contact
Manuscript speaking occurs when you read directly from a word-for-word copy of the speech
When should you use it?
When you must be careful with what you say and you must prepare the speech exactly as planned.
Rehearse with the manuscript many times to be comfortable with the delivery method of the text.
This delivery style distances you from the audience because you are reading and your eye contact will be reduced.

24. Memorized Speaking Know the speech by memory
Can be very powerful if used correctly, but you risk forgetting what you meant to say
Must be rehearsed extensively
Memorized speaking means you rehearse the speech so much that you commit the entire text to memory.
When should you use it?
For brief speeches and toasts
Practice extensively, to make sure you remember it and to make sure you can keep it sounding fresh and not robotic.

25. Impromptu Speaking Speaking on the spot
Used when you answer questions in class or at a meeting
Need to be prepared and able to speak knowledgeably
Impromptu speaking — very little, if any, preparation or rehearsal.
When should you use it?
Answering questions in a public forum, when you need information or dispute an issue during a meeting, or when you are asked to address an audience at a moment's notice
Be prepared, pay close attention, take brief notes, limit your remarks to two or three points, and think about evidence.

26. How Do You Rehearse An Extemporaneous Speech?
Photo Credit: ©Number 7/Alamy
10-26
DK Guide to Public Speaking, Second Edition
Lisa A. Ford-Brown
Copyright © 2014, 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved

27. Read Aloud the Preparation Outline
Pay attention to the order of your points
Make sure links transition smoothly between the parts of your speech
Time yourself
Make sure it sounds good for the ear, not just for the eye that is reading it. Remember that writing for reading and for speaking are often very different.

28. Consider Your Support Materials
Understand your materials
Practice saying the support material segment aloud
Employ dramatic effect
Use repetition
Consider presentation aids
<<CLICK>> Understand your materials
<<CLICK>> Practice saying the support material segment aloud
<<CLICK>> Employ dramatic effect
<<CLICK>> Use repetition
<<CLICK>> Consider presentation aids

29. Prepare Your Delivery Outline
Reduce your outline
Keywords
Phrases
Quotes
Statistics
Details
Delivery and presentation cues
Reduce your preparation outline down to just those hints that will remind you of what you wanted to say. If you include too much detail you will be prone to reading it, thus avoiding eye contact with your audience.

30. Prepare Your Presentation Aids
Practice with the aids you will use
Don't cut corners
Identify and correct potential problems
Visual aids should be practiced beforehand to make sure they work and are timed correctly with the speech. The goal is for the visual aids to seem like a natural and helpful part of the presentation, not an awkward and clumsy distraction from the presentation. Consider the best possible visual aids.

31. Practice, Practice, Practice!
Always use the delivery outline
Practice in front of a mirror
Time yourself
Practice with real people
Consider what you have seen others do
Practice multiple times.
Evaluate what you have learned from watching and listening to yourself from the rehearsal audience.

32. Do a Final "Dress Rehearsal"
Rehearse in the space where you will speak
Use exact delivery outline and aids
Rehearse at exact time, standing or sitting
Wear clothes you plan to wear
Ask someone to watch
Rehearse until you are comfortable
Simulate as closely as possible the exact event when you will give your speech

33. Prepare for Questions Not all situations will have them
Anticipate questions
Practice answers
Create a fact sheet
Remain calm and professional
Be honest
Practice with an audience
Not all situations will have them, but if yours does:
<<CLICK>> Anticipate questions
<<CLICK>> Practice answers
<<CLICK>> Create a fact sheet
<<CLICK>> Remain calm and professional
<<CLICK>> Be honest
<<CLICK>> Practice with an audience

34. Prepare for the Day of the Speech
The Day Before:
Avoid stress
Prepare your outfit
Practice at least once
The Day of:
Eat
Arrive early
Check equipment
Bring water
Prepare mentally
Confidence!
<<CLICK>> The Day Before:
Avoid stress
Prepare your outfit
Practice at least once
<<CLICK>> The Day Of:
Eat
Arrive early
Check equipment
Bring water
Prepare mentally
Confidence!

35. How Do You Prepare For a Mediated Presentation?
Mediated presentations use technology as a channel outside of the speaker or audience to exchange a message.
Photo Credit: Video still of student speaking, copyrighted by Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ;
10-35
DK Guide to Public Speaking, Second Edition
Lisa A. Ford-Brown
Copyright © 2014, 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved

36. The Mediated Presentation
Establish the type of presentation
Asynchronous
Synchronous
Hybrid
Establish the type of presentation
Asynchronous: not real time
Synchronous: real time
Hybrid: some is real time, some is not

37. The Mediated Presentation
Address Unique Factors
Universal
Recorded
Live
Hybrid
Address Unique Factors
Universal: familiarize yourself with equipment, always be aware you may be recorded, choose clothing colors and patterns carefully, be sure to use some movement
Recorded: use good quality recorders, avoid focusing on your face, make eye contact with the camera
Live: consider other time zones
Hybrid: remember eye contact, and interact with both audiences
And, as always, practice!

38. Speech Example: Zombie Makeover
Speech Example: Ashley Bentley, Zombie Makeover
Have students take notes on the speaker's physical and vocal delivery.
Click on the screenshot to view a video with an example of a speech.

39. Which delivery type would be ideal for a company's media release about an unexpected event?
What Do You Think?
Memorized
Manuscript
Extemporaneous
Impromptu
<<CLICK>> Answer: B Manuscript
Manuscript speaking is ideal for occasions where the language is important and the message is crucial.

40. When giving a speech to a culture different from your own, what should you NOT reconsider?
What Do You Think?
Facial expressions
Gestures
Rate
Volume
<<CLICK>> Answer: D. Volume. Volume needs should not change based on culture. However, reconsider facial expressions, make sure your gestures are appropriate across cultures, and adjust your rate to allow for audience comprehension. 40

41. How might you practice adding variety to your speech delivery?
What Do You Think?
Try emphasizing different aspects of your speech as you practice
Record yourself
Practice with literature
Discussion question inspired by the text. There is no correct answer.
<<CLICK>> possible answers. 41

42. What is the most ideal delivery style for giving speeches?
What Do You Think?
Extemporaneous
Memorized
Manuscript
Impromptu
<<CLICK>> Answer: A. Extemporaneous 42

43. What are the elements of vocal delivery?
Review Question
Pitch
Volume
Rate
Variety
Pronunciation
Articulation
Dialect
<<CLICK>> Answer:
Pitch
Volume
Rate
Variety
Pronunciation
Articulation
Dialect
See pp 43

44. What are the elements of physical delivery?
Review Question
Appearance
Eye contact
Facial expressions
Gestures
Motion
Posture
<<CLICK>> Answer:
Appearance
Eye contact
Facial expressions
Gestures
Motion
Posture
See pp 44

45. What are the methods of delivery?
Review Question
Extemporaneous
Manuscript
Memorized
Impromptu
<<CLICK>> Answer:
Extemporaneous
Manuscript
Memorized
Impromptu
See pp 45

46. How do you prepare for an extemporaneous speech?
Review Question
Read aloud the preparation outline
Consider your support materials
Prepare your delivery outline
Prepare your presentation aids
Practice multiple times
Do a dress rehearsal
Prepare for questions
Prepare for the day of the speech
<<CLICK>> Read aloud the preparation outline
<<CLICK>> Consider your support materials
<<CLICK>> Prepare your delivery outline
<<CLICK>> Prepare your presentation aids
<<CLICK>> Practice multiple times
<<CLICK>> Do a dress rehearsal
<<CLICK>> Prepare for questions
<<CLICK>> Prepare for the day of the speech
See pp 46

47. How should you prepare for a mediated presentation?
Review Question
Remember to consider general public speaking principles
Establish the type of presentation
Address unique factors
Practice it as you will give it
Remember to consider general public speaking principles
Establish the type of presentation
Address unique factors
Practice it as you will give it
See pp 47