1. Who were the Vikings?
Where did they come from?

2. After the Treaty of Verdun (AD 843), Louis the Pious’ three grandsons broke the Frankish Kingdom into three parts…  

3. "Age of Invasion” “VIKING AGE” AD 700-1000
Invasions completely destroyed the Carolingian Empire  

4. Muslims from the south Invaded France and Italy. Excellent Sailors
wanted to plunder

5. Magyars from the east invaded Germany and Italy
excellent horseback riders
sold the land and the people they conquered

6. Vikings from the North from Scandinavia
Invaded Ireland, England, France, Italy, Constantinople, Russia
Attacked the coasts & mainland

7. Original Nordic nations, the Danes, Norwegians, and Swedes in the 8th Century

8. Invasions by the original Nordic nations, the Danes, Norwegians, and Swedes by the 13th Century

9. Vikings from the North Northmen or Norsemen worshiped war-like gods
Warriors, Traders, and Pirates
Looted Christian Monasteries
took pride in their nicknames
ex: Eric Bloodaxe and Thorfinn Skullsplitter

10. Viking weaponry:
Swords
Wooden shields
Helmets
axes  

11. Viking warships (Longboats)
largest held 300 men, 72 oars, weighed 20 tons
Ship prows swept upward with carved ends

12. Lief Ericson was a viking explorer who reached North America 500 years before Christopher Columbus.
(Newfoundland, Canada)

13. Decline of the Viking Invasions
By 1000 AD
Started to accept Christianity
Climate change in Scandinavia made farming easier
Attacks by these three groups led to widespread disorder and suffering. People turned to their local rulers for protection from invasions….

14. Use the map on textbook page 323 to answer the following questions
Which group made the most far reaching invasions?
The Vikings
From what region did the Viking invasions originate?
Scandinavia (North Sea and Baltic Sea)
From where did the Magyar invasions originate?
The Steppes (Carpathian Mountains and Danube River)
From where did the Muslim attack on Tours originate?
Spain (The Caliphate of Cordova))

15. 5. What lands did the Vikings raid?
Byzantine Empire, Russia, England, Ireland, France, Italy
6. What was the most typical Magyars invasion route?
Land by horseback
7. What was the most typical Viking invasion route?
Water (rivers and seas) by boat
8. What was the most typical Muslim invasion route?
Land and sea
9. Which country would the Magyars live in today?
Hungary
10. Which countries would the Vikings live in today?
Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark

16. Feudalism

17. Feudalism:
a military and political system based on land ownership and personal loyalty.

18. Causes of Feudalism:
Political Turmoil – decline of centralized government
Constant Warfare – Magyar, Muslim, and Viking invasions

19. effects of Feudalism:
Increased emphasis on warfare and control of land
well defined social classes

20. social hierarchy: 1. King 2. Nobles and Bishops – Wealthy Vassals
3. Knights – Warriors that defended Lords for land
4. Serfs – Peasants who worked the land; could not leave.

21. The Manor:
The lord’s estate; arrangement which rested on a set of rights and obligations between the lord and his serfs.

22. Gray - Woodlands; the building blocks of the manor; Green - The 3 Fields; crops were rotated each season on land owned by the Lord and worked by the serfs;
Purple - The Lord's house, land and pond;
Burnt Orange - The villager's homes;
Yellow - Small plots of land serfs could work themselves for their own benefit;
Blue - the stream used by all.

23. Benefits of the Manor System
Housing
Food
Protection  

24. Drawbacks of the Manor System
work 24/7
high taxes
poor conditions