1. Providing First Aid (2:22)
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2. Knowing how to perform first aid can save a life in an emergency.

3. first aid
Good Samaritan laws
universal precautions

4. First Steps in an Emergency
The three steps for responding to an emergency are check, call, and care.
If you ever find yourself in an emergency, knowing first aid could save someone’s life.

5. First Steps in an Emergency
By learning and using proper first-aid procedures, you can help prevent victims from suffering further injury and reduce the number of victims who die.
First-aid
The immediate, temporary care given to an ill or injured person until professional medical care can be provided

6. First Steps in an Emergency
Recognizing an emergency is the first step in responding to it.
The next step is to check the scene to look for hazards and make sure it’s safe for you to respond.

7. First Steps in an Emergency
Once you’ve determined that the scene is safe, you can follow the three Cs of emergency care. C C C
Check the victim.
Call 911 or your local emergency number.
Care for the victim.

8. First Steps in an Emergency
Check the victim. A victim who is unconscious or has a life-threatening condition needs immediate care.
Only move the victim if he or she is in direct physical danger or if you must move the victim in order to provide lifesaving care.

9. First Steps in an Emergency
Call 911 or your local emergency number and stay on the line until help arrives.
If the victim is in need of immediate care, get someone else at the scene to call 911 while you provide first aid.

10. First Steps in an Emergency
Care for the victim. If possible, get the victim’s permission before giving first aid.
If the victim refuses help, respect this decision. If the victim can’t speak to give permission, provide care.

11. First Steps in an Emergency
Although first aid can help keep a victim alive, it is still important to call emergency services and get professional medical care.

12. First Steps in an Emergency
Most states have good Samaritan laws.
Good Samaritan laws
Statutes that protect rescuers from being sued for giving emergency care

13. Universal Precautions
Universal precautions require people who provide first aid or medical care to treat all body fluids as if they could carry disease.
Universal precautions
Steps taken to prevent the spread of disease through blood and other body fluids when providing first aid or health care

14. Universal Precautions
Wear sterile gloves whenever you could come into contact with someone’s blood or body fluids.
Wash hands immediately after providing first aid.
Use a mouthpiece, if one is available, when providing rescue breathing.

15. First Aid for Bleeding
The steps for treating bleeding depend on the type of injury and how severe it is.
The appropriate first aid for bleeding depends on what type of wound you are dealing with and how severe the bleeding is.

16. Types of Open Wounds Type Description Characteristics Abrasion
Susceptible to infection
Scrape
Laceration
May require medical care, stitches, or tetanus shot
Cut caused by a sharp object slicing through layers of skin
Puncture
High risk of infection. May require medical care and tetanus shot
A small but deep hole caused by a sharp and narrow object
Avulsion
Usually requires emergency medical care and stitches
When skin or tissue is partly or completely torn away

17. Controlling Bleeding
When treating an open wound on someone other than yourself, wear clean protective gloves.
If medical help is needed, call 911 first. Next, wash the wound thoroughly with mild soap and running water.

18. Controlling Bleeding
Follow these steps to control the bleeding:
If possible, raise the wounded body part above the level of the heart.
Cover the wound with sterile gauze or a clean cloth.
Press the palm of your hand firmly against the gauze.

19. Controlling Bleeding
Apply steady pressure to the wound for five minutes or until help arrives.
Do not stop to check the wound; you may interrupt the clotting of the blood.
If blood soaks through the gauze, add another gauze pad on top of the first and continue to apply pressure.

20. Controlling Bleeding
Once the bleeding slows or stops, secure the pad firmly in place with a bandage, strips of gauze, or other material. The pad should be snug, but not so tight that you can’t feel the victim’s pulse.
If you can’t stop the bleeding after five minutes, or if the wound starts bleeding again, call for medical help. Continue to apply pressure until help arrives.

21. Controlling Bleeding
Bleeding from the eyes, nose, mouth, or ears may be a sign that internal bleeding is occurring.
Call for help right away and take steps to prevent the victim from going into shock.

22. First Aid for Burns
Treatment for burns depends on the severity of the burn.
Burns can result from exposure to heat, flame, hot water, steam, sunlight, electricity, and certain chemicals.

23. First Aid for Burns
First-degree burns involve only the outer layer of skin, called the epidermis.
The burned area may become swollen and painful.

24. First Aid for Burns
Second-degree burns involve the epidermis and the underlying layers of skin (the dermis).
The skin develops blisters and there is severe pain and swelling.

25. First Aid for Burns
Third-degree burns involve all layers of the skin and may penetrate the underlying tissues.
These burns can destroy nerve endings, so victims may not experience pain.

26. First Aid for Burns
First-degree burns and small second-degree burns can be treated with these steps:
Cool the burned area by holding it under cold, running water for at least five minutes. If this isn’t possible, immerse the burned area in cool water or wrap it in cold, wet cloths. Do not use ice, which may cause frostbite and further damage the skin. 1 2
Cover the burn loosely with a sterile gauze bandage.

27. First Aid for Burns
First-degree burns and small second-degree burns can be treated with these steps: 3
The victim may take an over-the-counter pain reliever. Make sure the victim isn’t allergic to the medication.
Minor burns usually heal without further treatment, though the skin may be discolored. If signs of infection develop—including increased pain, redness, fever, swelling, or oozing—seek medical help. 4

28. First Aid for Burns
Some second-degree burns and all third-degree burns require immediate medical care.
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Call 911 and provide first aid until help arrives.
Cover the burned area with a clean, moist cloth, but do not remove burned clothing unless it is still smoldering.
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Do not immerse a large burned area in cold water; the victim could go into shock.
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Be prepared to give first aid for shock or loss of circulation.

29. After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
What are the three first steps for responding to an emergency?
Check, call, care

30. After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
Identify the four types of open wounds.
Abrasions, lacerations, punctures, and avulsions

31. After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
Describe the procedure for treating a minor burn.
Cool the burn with cold water, cover it with a sterile bandage, and give an over the counter pain reliever.