1. increases blood pressure.
Arteries Away -
Veins towards.
Systolic- Squeezing
Diastolic- Resting
Contractions of the Ventricle are responsible for Blood Pressure
120/80
sphygmomanometer
Slows the flow –
increases blood pressure.

2. ATHERSCLEROSIS Blood Pressure
Viscosity (thickness)- increases resistance- slows the flow- increases blood pressure.
Plaque- blocks arteries ( decreases diameter) slows the flow - increases blood pressure.
Too mush salt, lack of exercise – fatty diet- increases blood pressure
Blood Vessels Constrict – Increases blood pressure.
ATHERSCLEROSIS
Loss of blood volume- decreases blood pressure

3. Effects of Exercise 1. Increases Heart Rate
2. Blood vessels dilate to increase blood flow.
- carry more oxygen
3. As you exercise blood is directed
to your muscles.

4. Fast Slower Vaccine MEMORY CELLS
Innate (VS) Acquired
Fast
Slower
Vaccine
LONG TERM
SHORT TERM
MEMORY CELLS

5. Active
Passive
1st and 2nd
3rd Defense

6. Produced by your own body - ACTIVE Specific Target an Antigen
Antigens- Antibodies
Produced by
your own body
- ACTIVE
Specific
Target
an Antigen

7. Natural Selection in Bacteria
SUPER BUGS
Antibiotic Resistance

8. Antibiotics Only work on bacterial infections – NOT VIRUSES
Improved medicine and sanitation has decreased
the number of transmittable diseases.

10. Ovum &
Hormones
Fertilization
Implantation

11. Zygote- Fertilized Egg. Made of one cell
You need to know the process of human development from zygote to birth.
Zygote- Fertilized Egg. Made of one cell
Blastocyst-hollow ball of dividing cells, that implants in the Uterus

12. Amniotic
Sac - Protection
Placenta
Placenta-
nourishes embryo
Yolk Sac

13. Brain and Heart (Beating)
Trimesters
Lungs
Putting on Weight
Brain and Heart (Beating)
Organs Form
Boy or Girl
Kicking
Finger Nails, Eyebrows
Body Weight
Lungs fully Develop
Head Down
Z-B-E-F
Boy or Girl
Most Important

14. * Pons & Medulla Oblongata make up the Brain StemF
Cerebrum
Cerebrum O T
Cerebellum
* Pons & Medulla Oblongata make up the Brain Stem

15. P F
Cerebrum O T
Cerrebellum
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

17. Disproves spontaneous generation
Cell Theory
All living things are composed of cells.
Unicellular & Multicellular
Cells are the smallest unit of life.
All cells come from other cells.
Disproves spontaneous generation

18. No Nucleus Unicellular COMPLEX ------ SIMPLE ARCHAE BACTERIA
EUBACTERIA- E. Coli.

19. Endosymbyosis P E
Simple to Complex

20. Plant (vs) Animal Cell Plant Animal Cell Wall Centrioles Chloroplast
Larger Vacuole

21. Chloroplast 11 “Photosynthesis” production of glucose and oxygen.
*Larger in Plants 11
“Photosynthesis” production of glucose and oxygen.

23. Semi-permeable – Selectively permeable

24. Quick Energy
Stored Energy
Cell Membrane
Folded
DNA & RNA

25. Lipid-soluble (non-polar) substances pass through the membrane.
Fluid Mosaic Model
Polar
Non-Polar
Lipid-soluble (non-polar) substances pass through the membrane.

26. HIGH to LOW
HIGH to LOW
No Energy
Energy

27. Diffusion - movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

28. H2
Osmosis
Diffusion of Water

29. SAME
SWELL
SHRINK

30. Cell Cycle

31. Mitosis Cell division Produces two identical diploid daughter cells
Occurs in body cells to grow and repair

32. 2 1 2 4
Diploid (2n)
Haploid (n)
Diversity

33. 2 1
Mitosis 1 2 4
Meiosis
GAMETES

34. P.M.A.T
Both
mitosis & meiosis

35. Cells growing out of control !
CANCER
Any of various malignant neoplasms characterized by the proliferation of anaplastic cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize to new body sites.
Cells growing out of control !

36. Separate Law of Segregation
States that allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation, and randomly unite at fertilization.
Separate

37. Law of Independent Assortment
-states that allele pairs separate independently during the formation of gametes.
Leads To Diversity
Variation

38. Only way recessive show
Genetic Terms
Identical factors-
-TT,tt
Different Factors –
Tt (hybrid)
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Only way recessive show
have to have two of them

39. Heterozygous & Heterozygous

40. Incomplete dominance -not completely
This results in a combined phenotype.
Mixture of traits….

41. Both traits are visible….
Codominance - is a situation in which both alleles are equally strong and both alleles are visible in the hybrid genotype.
Both traits are visible….

42. Codominance: both alleles are expressed: blood types
Universal Recipient
Universal Donor

43. Multiple alleles: More than two alleles possible: blood types
Universal Recipient
Universal Donor

44. Dihybrid Cross
Must Know
9:3:3:1

45. Pedigree Chart

46. Male
Hemophilia
Female

47. DNA / RNA Carry genetic information Made of a chain of nucleotides
Nucleotides contain a sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base

48. DNA / RNA RNA Single stranded Four base pairs: AUCG Sugar is Ribose
Double stranded
“Double Helix”
Four base pairs: ATGC
Sugar is Deoxyribose
Found in nucleus
RNA
Single stranded
Four base pairs: AUCG
Sugar is Ribose

49. Replication
Making of an identical strand of DNA
“semi” conservative

50. DNA  RNA  protein  trait
Central Dogma
DNA  RNA  protein  trait

51. Transcription DNAmRNA Occurs in nucleus
Complementary mRNA strand is produced from a segment of DNA

52. Translation
Connects amino acids in the correct order to make a protein
Occurs in the cytoplasm within the ribosomes
A- amino acid
B- tRNA
C- anticodon
D- codon
E- mRNA
F- Ribosome
G-polypeptide

53. Codon
Sequence of three mRNA nucleotides that code for an amino acid

54. Mutations Change in DNA code May cause a change in protein produced
NOT always harmful
Sickle Cell Mutation

57. Replication
Transcription
Codon –composed of 3
Translation

58. A-U 20 amino acids DNA sequence: TAC GGA CAT AAC ACC TGC ATC
mRNA sequence: AUG CCU GUA UUG UGG ACG UAG

59. Macromolecules Lipid: Contain Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen (CHO)
Carbohydrate: Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (CHO)

60. Protein: Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen (CHON)
Nucleic Acid: Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus (CHONP)

61. Quick Energy
Stored Energy
Cell Membrane
Folded
DNA & RNA

62. Lower Activation Energy
Enzymes
specific for reactions
speed up reactions (Catalyst)
are made of PROTEIN
Lock and Key
Lower Activation
Energy
Activation Energy

63. ENZYMES STOP WORKING WHEN CONDITIONS ARE NOT RIGHT
Different enzymes operate under:
Certain temperature ranges
Certain pH ranges
Certain enzyme specificity
ENZYMES STOP WORKING WHEN CONDITIONS ARE NOT RIGHT O

64. G.M.O.S

65. DNA Fingerprinting
Gel Electrophoresis

66. Recombinant DNA
Insulin for Diabetes