1. Manifest Destiny and Indian Removal
The Age of Jackson
Manifest Destiny and Indian Removal
-Do you think the government has the right to displace the native peoples of the countries it conquers? Why?

2. Manifest Destiny God-given right to all of North America
Spread blessings of democracy and civilization
-Although not classified as Manifest Destiny until the 1840’s, expansion fever with same philosophy had existed since about Americans had the new attitude as we talked about in the past lecture with the War of 1812 and the LA Purchase, saw as superior to Native Americans because of religion, should convert and assimilate
-The people of the United States felt it was their mission to extend the "boundaries of freedom" to others by imparting their idealism and belief in democratic institutions to those who were incapable of self-government
-United States Magazine and Democratic Review described the Annexation of Texas as “the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying million” (Texas lecture)
-To expand to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican Territory
-Obvious
-Ironically, TJ referred to the plot as an “Empire for liberty” and has also been likened to extending the “boundaries of freedom”
-Destined and ordained by god
-Few gave thought to how manifest destiny would affect native peoples

3. President Jackson 1828-1836 Ordinary man from humble origins
Increased voter turnout
Indian Removal
-Eliminated property requirements for voters, dramatic expansion of voting rights, candidates had to be able to speak to the needs of ordinary people, Jackson easily satisfied this requirement as he came from humble origins but had made a life for himself as a plantation owner.
-Nicknamed “Old Hickory”, Jackson won by a landslide and record numbers of citizens came to Washington to see his inauguration.
-Spoils System: Threw out 10% of Adam’s former appointees in federal positions and replaced them with his friends. His primary advisors know as the kitchen cabinet because symbolically they slipped into the White House through the Kitchen door.
-Served in the army during the Revolutionary War
-Practiced law in Tennessee, became a successful land speculator, and served in a variety of government offices, including the House of Representatives and the Senate
-Served in the War of 1812, nicknamed “Old Hickory”
-Was given command of military operations in the South
-Led the American forces at the Battle of New Orleans
-Became nationally famous as the “Hero of New Orleans”
-Jackson was a popular war hero—“a man of the people.”
In the 1820s voting restrictions in many states—such as the requirement for property ownership—were being lifted, allowing poor people to become voters.
-Such political power exercised by ordinary Americans became known as Jacksonian Democracy.

4. Indian Removal Indian Removal Act of 1830
The government made treaties that forced Native Americans to move west
Used troops to forcibly remove Native Americans
Land given to white settlers
-Displacement and dispossession since 1600’s
-White planters and miners wanted the land
-Federal government provided funds to negotiate treaties
-Called for the relocation of the five nations to an area west of the Mississippi River called Indian Territory, now present-day Oklahoma.
-Jackson “Not only liberal, but generous”

5. 5 Civilized Tribes Southeastern tribes forced west
Adopted western culture
The Cherokee Nation was the most well known for assimilating and fought Indian Removal through a series of Supreme Court cases which they lost
-Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminole, Creek, Chicasaw
-Five major Native American groups lived in the southeastern United States: the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, and Creek.
-White Americans called them the “five civilized tribes” because many of them had adopted aspects of European and American culture.
-Many white Americans viewed them as inferior.
-Farmland was becoming scarce in the East, and white settlers coveted the Indians’ lands.
-Based on the rights of states to govern their own boundaries
-The Cherokee fought their removal in the American court system. They sued the federal government, claiming that they had the right to be respected as a foreign country.
-The Supreme Court in 1831 ruled against the Cherokee.

6. The Trail of Tears 1838 800 miles on foot ¼ Cherokee died Reservations
Land Native Americans were taken to in Oklahoma that was inferior
-Jackson was very prejudice against the Indians and forced 15,000 Cherokees to move west, because their land was wanted for cotton
-Martin van Buren ordered the forced removal of Cherokee
-Gov officials stole their money, outlaws took their livestock
-Of the 18,000 Cherokee forced to leave their homes, about 4,500 died on the march
-Many died on the long trek due to exposure, malnutrition, and disease.
-See map page 411

7. Terms You Need to Know: Manifest Destiny Andrew Jackson
Indian Removal Act
5 Civilized Tribes
Trail of Tears
Reservations
Photo story presentation:

8. Assignment
Clearly, Native Americans were viewed as outcasts and shunned from society.
As teenagers, you may often feel this way as well.
Write a paragraph, at least ½ page, in your spiral notebook on 1) Why do many adults have negative reactions towards teenagers? And 2) Why did society in the past and even currently shun Native Americans?