1. Lesson Starter What are the 3 requirements for seeds to grow?
What other elements do plants need to grow and develop properly?
Why are fertilisers necessary for growing crops?

2. Growth and Development

3. What is the meaning of eutrophication?
Homework
What is the meaning of eutrophication?
A major problem with the use of fertilisers occurs when they are washed off the land by rainwater into rivers and lakes. The increase of nitrate or phosphate in the water encourages the growth of algae. The algae form a bloom over the water surface. This prevents sunlight reaching other water plants, which then die. Bacteria break down the dead plants and as they respire these bacteria use up the oxygen in the water causing most other living organisms to die.

4. What can influence growth and development in humans?
a balanced diet, water, minerals and vitamins

5. A balanced diet Watch the video and answer the following question:
What percentage of the diet should be made up of:
a) Carbohydrates
b) Proteins
c) Fats
The major food groups that make up a balanced diet are carbohydrates, fats and proteins- your diet should have a balance between the 3 main food groups

6. A balanced diet: Carbohydrates
Important for energy.
Breakdown to form glucose (used in respiration)
What types of foods contain carbohydrates?
-bread, pasta, rice and potatoes

7. A balanced diet: Proteins
Used to make up the basic framework of the body's tissues and organs
Can be used for energy but only in cases of starvation.
What types of foods contain carbohydrates?
-meat, fish, pulses, eggs and tofu.

8. A balanced diet: Fats useful in the body for insulation
helps absorb and carry certain vitamins in the blood
high in energy and should only be eaten in moderation
Saturated and unsaturated
What types of foods contain carbohydrates?
-Butter, cream, cheese, meat
Eating a diet high in saturated fat can lead to high cholesterol levels in the blood which can lead to various cardiovascular diseases. Saturated fat is found in butter, cheese, animal fat.
Eating more unsaturated fats can actually lower cholesterol levels in the blood. Unsaturated fats can be found in food like olive oil, oily fish and

9. A balanced diet:copy
A balanced diet should be made up of approximately:
-55-60% carbohydrates (potatoes, rice, pasta, fruit, veg) to give the body energy
-20-25% protein (meat, fish, eggs) for growth and repair of body tissues
-15-20% fats for insulation and carrying vitamins around the body

10. Use the plate and leaflets provided to make a “balanced diet” plate
Task 1
Use the plate and leaflets provided to make a “balanced diet” plate
Split the plate depending on the recomended percentage of each food group (55-60 carbs, proteins, 15-20% fats and oils)
Cut and stick foods into the correct category

11. Water
Vital
All cell reactions happen in solution, and water is used to transport dissolved nutrients and waste products around the body in the blood.

12. Minerals Mineral Foods found in Function
Calcium
Dairy products, green leafy vegetables and nuts
Formation of strong bones and teeth, blood clotting and control of muscle contractions
Iodine
Sea fish, cows’ milk and cereals
Needed by thyroid gland to make hormones that regulate energy release and growth in cells
Iron
Meat, dried fruit and nuts, dark-green leafy vegetables
Needed to make a protein that allows red blood cells to transport oxygen

13. Vitamins Vitamin Foods found in Function Vitamin A
Milk, eggs, liver, carrots..
Prevent eye problems
B12
Fish, red meat, poultry, milk, cheese and
eggs.
Helps make red blood
cells.
Vitamin C
Citrus fruits, peppers, tomatoes, broccoli
and spinach.
Healthy bones teeth
and gums.
Vitamin D
Your skin makes it when you are in the sun It is also found in egg yolks, oily fish
To absorb calcium

14. A balanced diet: copy
A diet lacking in a particular vitamin or mineral can cause problems in development, especially when a person is still growing.
Diet Lacking…
Leads to…
Calcium
Weaker teeth and bones
Vitamin D
Rickets
Iron
Anaemia
Vitamin C
Scurvy
Protein
Problems replacing/making new cells
Fats
Poor vitamin absorption