1. CLASSIFICATION

2. NEED TO KNOW VOCABULARY!!!
Eukaryote – an organism whose cells have a nucleus
Prokaryote – an organism whose cells do not have a nucleus

3. Brief History of Classification

4. 384 B.C. – 322 B.C. (~2380 YEARS AGO)

5. 1700
LIFE
Kingdom
Vegetabile
(Plants)
Kingdom
Animalia
(Animals)

6. 1806 LIFE Kingdom Kingdom Protista Plantae Kingdom Animalia
(unicellular)
Kingdom
Plantae
(Plants)
Kingdom Animalia
(Animals)

7. 1938 LIFE Kingdom Monera Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Kingdom Animalia
(unicellular
prokaryotes)
Kingdom
Plantae
(Plants)
Kingdom
Protista
(unicellular
eukaryotes)
Kingdom Animalia
(Animals)

8. 1968 LIFE Kingdom Kingdom Animalia Monera Kingdom Kingdom Protista
(prokaryotes)
Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom
Protista
Kingdom
Fungi
Kingdom
Plantae

9. 1977 LIFE Archaea Bacteria Kingdom Kingdom Animalia Monera Kingdom
Protista
Kingdom
Fungi
Kingdom
Plantae

10. Current system of classification (mostly accepted)
LIFE
Domain
Archaea
Domain
Eukarya
Domain
Bacteria
Kingdom
Archaea
Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom
Bacteria
Kingdom
Protista
Kingdom
Fungi
Kingdom
Plantae

11. What is classification?
Classification is putting things into orderly groups

12. Plants
Animals

13. Why?
Scientists classify organisms because it helps organize and make sense of living things
How?
Grouping organisms together by similar characteristics

14. How might you classify these?
Freshwater
Saltwater

16. Taxonomy
Taxonomy – the science of describing, classifying, and naming living things
Carl Linnaeus founded modern Taxonomy in the 1700s

17. Linnaeus’ system was called binomial nomenclature
Binomial nomenclature – the naming system that gives each organism a two-word scientific name.
Genus – a group of similar species
Species – an individual species

18. The Genus is always capitalized and species is not, but they are both italicized.
Examples:
Ursus arctos is the scientific name for a grizzly bear.
Homo sapien is the scientific name for humans alive today.
Carassius auratus is the scientific name for a goldfish.

19. Using the encyclopedias at the back of the room, find the common name and scientific name of at least 3 animals.
Common Name
Scientific Name

20. Classification today Eight-level system Domain Kingdom Phylum Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Scientific name of an organism

21. Living Organisms

22. Domain: Eukarya organisms whose cells have a nucleusX

23. Kingdom: Animalia All animalsX

24. Phylum: Chordata All animals have a hollow nerve cordX

25. Class: Mammalia The species has a backbone and nurses their youngX

26. Order: Carnivora Have special teeth for tearing meatX

27. Family: Felidae They have retractable claws (All cats)X

28. Genus: Felis These cats cannot roarX

29. Species: domesticus Common House CatX

30. Scientific Name: Felis domesticus Common House Cat

31. Dichotomous Key
Identification aid that uses pairs of descriptive statements

32. Dichotomous Key to 10 Common
 Mammals in the United States 1 a
This mammal flies. It's "hand" forms a wing
little brown bat b
This mammal does not fly, it's "hand” does not form a wing.
Go to step 2. 2
This mammal has no hair on its tail.
got to step 3.
This mammal has hair on its tail.
Go to step 4. 3
This mammal has a short, naked tail.
eastern mole
This mammal has a long, naked tail.
Go to step 5. 4
This mammal has a black mask across its face.
raccoon
This mammal does not have a black mask across its face.
Go to step 6. 5
This mammal has a tail that is flat and paddle shaped.
beaver
This mammal has a tail that is not flat or paddle shaped.
opossum 6
This mammal has a white underbelly.
Go to step 7
This mammal does not have a white underbelly.
Go to step 8 7
This mammal has a long, furry tail that is black on the tip.
longtail weasel
This mammal has a long tail that has little fur.
white-footed mouse 8
This mammal is black and has white stripes on its head and back.
striped skunk
This mammal is not black and does not have white stripes.
Go to step 9 9
This mammal has long ears and a short, cottony tail.
eastern cottontail
This mammal has short ears and a medium-length tail.
woodchuck

33. Dichotomous Key to 10 Commonr
Dichotomous Key to 10 Common
 Mammals in the United States 1 a
This mammal flies. It's "hand" forms a wing
little brown bat b
This mammal does not fly, it's "hand” does not form a wing.
Go to step 2. 2
This mammal has no hair on its tail.
got to step 3.
This mammal has hair on its tail.
Go to step 4. 3
This mammal has a short, naked tail.
eastern mole
This mammal has a long, naked tail.
Go to step 5. 4
This mammal has a black mask across its face.
raccoon
This mammal does not have a black mask across its face.
Go to step 6. 5
This mammal has a tail that is flat and paddle shaped.
beaver
This mammal has a tail that is not flat or paddle shaped.
opossum 6
This mammal has a white underbelly.
Go to step 7
This mammal does not have a white underbelly.
Go to step 8 7
This mammal has a long, furry tail that is black on the tip.
longtail weasel
This mammal has a long tail that has little fur.
white-footed mouse 8
This mammal is black and has white stripes on its head and back.
striped skunk
This mammal is not black and does not have white stripes.
Go to step 9 9
This mammal has long ears and a short, cottony tail.
eastern cottontail
This mammal has short ears and a medium-length tail.
woodchuck

34. Cladogram
Branched diagram showing the relationships among organisms

35. Is a perch or salamander more closely related to a mouse?
What animal here is most likely to have a common
ancestor with a chimp?

36. What animal on the cladogram is most closely related to the hippopotamus?

38. Domains Archaea Bacteria Eukarya
Made entirely of Archaea (Prokaryotes)
Bacteria
Made up of Bacteria and Cyanobacteria (Prokaryotes)
Eukarya
Made up of everything else we know of (Eukaryotes)

39. Kingdoms
Bacteria
Archaea
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

40. Kingdoms Poster
Design a poster that has a picture to represent each of the 6 Kingdoms.