1. Chapter 1 – Classifying and Exploring Life
Lesson 2 – Classifying Organisms

2. Essential Questions:
What methods are used to classify living things into groups? Why does every species have a scientific name?

3. Classification – a system of grouping - features used to classify: cell type habitat nutritional needs methods of obtaining food common ancestry - some other classification systems… library, mailing system, grocery stores, department stores

4. Aristotle – Greek philosopher
years ago
- classified organisms into 2 groups
(plants and animals)

5. - classified organisms into 2 groups called kingdoms
  Linnaeus – a Swedish doctor and botanist (1770’s)
- classified organisms into 2 groups called
kingdoms
- also developed a system of naming

6. Whittaker – developed a 5 kingdom system
- Monera, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and
Animalia
Systematics – current classification system
- also uses molecular analysis
- has 3 domains…Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

7. Brain POP – Six Kingdoms http://connected. mcgraw-hill

8. SUBDIVISIONS OF A DOMAIN
Human
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order Primates
Family Homodidae
Genus Homo
Species sapien

9. SCIENTIFIC NAMING 
Binomial Nomenclature – 2 names
- developed by Linnaeus
upper case lower case
Genus species
- needs to be italicize or underlined
ex. Canis familiaris
– domesticated dog
Canis lupus
– gray wolf

10. COMMON NAMES AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES
- species can have the same name
ex. Robin
- 1 organism can have more than 1 name
ex. Mtn. Lion, puma, panther
- can be misleading
ex. Prairie dog, starfish, seahorse

11. Scientific names
1. avoid errors in communication
2. gives descriptive info
3. allows info to be organized and found easy
4. classifies organisms with similar evolutionary histories together

12. Identifying Organisms
- use field guides, cladogram, or dichotomous keys
Field guides – use pictures and descriptions including
where the organisms can be found.

13. Chimpanzee Lizard Hamster Salamander Salmon Opposable thumbs
Cladogram – shows relationships among organisms including common ancestry.
Chimpanzee Lizard Hamster
Salamander
Salmon Opposable thumbs
Fur and Mammary glands
Claws or nails
Lungs
- each organism to the right of the trait will express that trait

14. Dichotomous key – uses steps with 2 descriptive
statements
- always start with the first step