1. THE GREAT AWAKENING
The Great Awakening was a spiritual renewal that swept the American Colonies, particularly New England, during the first half of the 18th Century.  It began in England before catching fire across the Atlantic. 
Unlike the somber, largely Puritan spirituality of the early 1700s, the revivalism ushered in by the Awakening brought people back to "spiritual life" as they felt a greater intimacy with God. 

2. The Great Awakening
Began in Mass. with Jonathan Edwards (regarded as greatest American theologian)
Rejected salvation by works, affirmed need for complete dependence on grace of God (“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”)
Orator George Whitefield followed, touring colonies, led revivals, countless conversions, inspired imitators
Jonathan Edwards
George Whitefield

3. THE GREAT AWAKENING Background Great Awakening New Denominations
Political & social implications
Puritan ministers lost authority (Visible Saints)
Decay of family (Halfway Covenant)
Deism, God existed/created the world, but afterwards left it to run by natural laws. Denied God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life…get to heaven if you are good. (Old Lights)
1740s, Puritanism declined by the 1730s and people were upset about the decline in religious piety. (devotion to God)
“New Lights”: Heaven by salvation by grace through Jesus Christ. Formed: Baptist, Methodists
Led to founding of colleges
Crossed class barriers; emphasized equality of all
Unified Americans as a single people
Missionaries for Blacks and Indians

4. Half-Way Covenant 1st generation’s Puritan zeal diluted over time
Problem of declining church membership
1662: Half-Way Covenant – partial membership to those not yet converted (usually children/ grandchildren of members)
Eventually all welcomed to church, erased distinction of “elect”

5. Higher Education
Harvard, 1636—First colonial college; trained candidates for ministry
College of William and Mary, 1694 (Anglican)
Yale, 1701 (Congregational)
Great Awakening influences creation of 5 new colleges in mid-1700s
College of New Jersey (Princeton), 1746 (Presbyterian)
King’s College (Columbia), 1754 (Anglican)
Rhode Island College (Brown), 1764 (Baptist)
Queens College (Rutgers), 1766 (Dutch Reformed)
Dartmouth College, 1769, (Congregational)

6. New colleges founded after the Great Awakening.

7. THE GREAT AWAKENING
The Awakening's biggest significance was the way it prepared America for its War of Independence. 
In the decades before the war, revivalism taught people that they could be bold when confronting religious authority, and that when churches weren't living up to the believers' expectations, the people could break off and form new ones.        

8. THE GREAT AWAKENING
Through the Awakening, the Colonists realized that religious power resided in their own hands, rather than in the hands of the Church of England, or any other religious authority. 
After a generation or two passed with this kind of mindset, the Colonists came to realize that political power did not reside in the hands of the English monarch, but in their own will for self-governance

9. F/I War 1750

10. CAUSES CAUSES FOUGHT FOR THE CONTROL OF NORTH AMERICA
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR OR SEVEN YEARS OF WAR
CAUSES
CAUSES
English-French rivalry worldwide would erupt into a world war.
England and the 13 Colonies fight together to defend their empire.
War begins over land disputes in the Ohio Valley
Against the French, Indian allies and Spanish
British want part of fur trade and the 2 openings into North America
FOUGHT FOR THE CONTROL OF NORTH AMERICA
George Washington starts this war

11. French and Indian War
F/I War Ohio
Ohio Valley river systems important to England and France….
Both countries claimed these areas which were disputed….
Both countries built forts to defend their land claims….

12. British concerned about French forts in Virginia territory.
GEORGE WASHINGTON
British concerned about French forts in Virginia territory.
Send Washington, a major in the Virginia militia, to the Allegheny River Valley.  
Washington leads 300 men against the French at Fort Duquesne and kills over a 100 French.
Along the way, Washington builds Fort Necessity. The fort falls to the French in a skirmish that will lead to the French and Indian War.
A British statesman later wrote about Washington’s first skirmish: “The volley fired by a young Virginian in the backwoods of America set the world on fire.”

13. The Albany Plan Colonies rejected: not enough independence
1754: Albany Congress – convened by British, led by Franklin ~ 1st attempt at colonial unity ~ only 7 of 13 colonies there
Purpose: keep Iroquois loyal, bolster defense against France through colonial unity
Franklin sponsored plan for colonial home rule, unanimously adopted by delegates
Colonies rejected: not enough independence
London rejected: too much independence

14. French and Indian War
Seven Years of War

15. 1755  Britain Decides to Eliminate French Presence in No. Am
Gen. Edward Braddock --> evict the French from the OH Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)
Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley, & Acadia.
Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne  by 1500 French and Indian forces.
Only British Success --> expelled France from Louisiana.

16. British-American Colonial Tensions
Colonials
British
Methods of Fighting:
Indian-style guerilla tactics.
March in formation or bayonet charge.
Military Organization:
Col. militias served under own captains.
Br. officers wanted to control colonials.
Military Discipline:
No mil. deference or protocols observed.
Drills & tough discipline.
Finances:
Resistance to rising taxes.
Colonists should pay for own defense.
Demeanor:
Casual, non-professionals.
Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings.

18. EFFECTS EFFECTS FOUGHT FOR THE CONTROL OF NORTH AMERICA
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR OR SEVEN YEARS OF WAR
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
Colonists realize British are not invincible seek independence.
French lose war and all land in North America
English inherit vast new land holdings in North America
England sees responsibility to defend empire in North America
FOUGHT FOR THE CONTROL OF NORTH AMERICA
Great Britain accumulates huge war debts
King George and Parliament tax the Colonies

19. 1763  Treaty of Paris
France --> lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi River.
Spain --> got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England.
England --> got all French lands in Canada, French lands east of Mississippi River, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance in India.

20. England gains Florida from Spain.
F/I War 1763
Treaty of Paris 1763
England gains French land from Canada to Florida and Appalachians to the Mississippi River.
England gains Florida from Spain.

21. Effects of the War on Britain?
It greatly increased the size of her colonial empire in the Americas.
2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt.
3. Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings.
Therefore, England felt that a major reorganization of her American Empire was necessary!

22. Effects of the War on the American Colonials
1. It united them against a common enemy for the first time.
2. It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated.
3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify.