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4. Cultural Change

5. Culture Regions
Includes different countries that share common traits like
Economic systems
Forms of government
Social groups
History
Religion

7. This is called cultural/spatial diffusion
Cultural Change
New ideas, lifestyles, and inventions  changes within in cultures (internal changes)
Change also comes from external influences
Trade, migration, war
This is called cultural/spatial diffusion

8. Cultural Divergence Cultural Convergence
Occurs when diff. cultural influences cause an area to divide into separate parts
Eastern vs. Western Roman Empires
Ancient India  India & Pakistan
Cultural Convergence
Occurs when diff. cultures exchange ideas and become more similar
More common now with globalization

9. 1) Agricultural/Neolithic Revolution
Earliest humans were nomads= hunters and gatherers (no fixed home)
Then they settled in river valleys and plains, eventually began farming & had a permanent home
This shift then spread throughout the world’s regions

10. 2) Civilizations
By 3500 B.C., the farming villages then shifted into civilizations…
Highly organized
City-based
Advanced farming, trade, government, art & science innovations
But how did this way of life spread?...

11. Culture Hearths Early centers of civilization
Ideas & practices spread out from these first as nomads passed thru
Where were the most influential culture hearths?

13. What did those 5 places have in common?
Culture Hearths
What did those 5 places have in common?
Fertile land from river valleys/water sources
Made canals/ditches to irrigate land
Allowed people to grow surplus crops…

14. 3) Specialization
Surplus food allowed fewer people to farm  develop new jobs
Metalworking & shipbuilding  more trade
More trade led to more cities
Now need complex government
Coordinate harvests, plan projects, manage army
Able to create writing systems  share info

15. Cultural Contacts
Civilizations affect each other when permanent migration occurs
Why do ppl migrate?
By CHOICE- for better education, jobs, more $
By RELUCTANCE- harsh govn’t, wars, persecution, famines
By FORCE- slavery, exiled
Practices & ideas then blend with one another

16. 4) Industrial Revolution
In 1700s, after centuries of cultural diffusion, countries began to industrialize
Used power-driven machines & factories  economy boost
Faster and cheaper production
Less labor (cost)
People moved from farms to cities (term?)

17. 5) Information Revolution
At the end of 1900s: computers brought a turning point
Able to store huge amounts of info and share it all over world instantly this links the cultures even more closely & quickly