1. Kingdom: Plantae The Advanced Plants
Chapters 24 & 25
Regular Biology
Waggy

2. Chapter Objectives…
1. Taxonomy & Requirements to belong to Advanced Plants
2. Division: Coniferophyta
3. Division: Ginkgophyta
4. Division: Magnoliophyta
5. Flowers
6. Seeds
7. Tropisms

3. Taxonomy Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Plantae
Division: there are 12 but we will only cover three in this chapter:
Coniferophyta - conifers
Ginkgophyta - the Ginkgo
Magnoliophyta - flowering plants

4. To be considered an advanced plant must be multi-cellular, photosynthetic, eukaryotic, have cell walls made of cellulose, have true leaves, stems and roots AND produce seeds

5. Leaves Types of leaves: 1. Simple leaf 2. Compound leaf
3. Spines & thorns
4. Tendrils

6. The structure that connects the leaf to the plant stem is the petiole
The flattened portion of the leaf is called the blade

7. Plant growth Growth originates mainly in meristem tissue
In this tissue, the cells continuously divide
Two places to find meristem tissue: at the tips of the stems &
branches called apical meristem
2. At the base of the stems
called intercalary meristem

8. True Roots Roots anchor plant, draw in water and minerals
Plants DO NOT Use soil at all for life processes, only provides a place for roots to anchor plant
Three main types of root systems:
1. Tap root (carrots, radishes)
2. Fibrous roots (grasses)
3. Adventitious roots (roots form along stem anywhere it comes in contact with soil)

9. The tips of the roots consist of apical meristem
They are protected by a root cap

10. Root hairs increase the surface area of the root
Mycorrhizae also increase the surface area of the roots
This helps the plant to absorb enough water & nutrients