1. Symptoms and prevalence
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders from two of the following groups: anxiety disorder, affective disorder, eating disorders
1. Symptoms and prevalence of major
depression.
2. Symptoms and prevalence of bulimia nervosa

2. Symptoms and prevalence
Symptoms and prevalence of major
depression.
Symptoms:
physiological; loss of energy, significant weight loss or gain, loss of apertite, headaces and pain
cognitive; feelings of worthlessness or exessive guilt, difficulties concentrating, negative attitudes towards the self, the world and the future

3. Symptoms and prevalence
Symptoms and prevalence of major
depression.
Symptoms:
emotional; distress and sadness, loss of interest in the world
behavioral; disturbed sleep patterns, self-destructive behavior (suicidal thoughts), avoidance of social company

4. Symptoms and prevalence
Any alarming numbers?
Lifetime prevalence of major depression in US (1994):
Females 21,3%
Males 12,7% Kessel et al. (1994)

5. Symptoms and prevalence

6. Symptoms and prevalence
Japan 3%
India (Chennai in South India) 15,9%, high in low income groups; 19,3% - 5,9 in high income groups, divorced 26,5%, vidowed 20% - married 15,4%
China Neurastenia instead of depression, somatic symptoms ?%
Taiwan 2,9%

7. Symptoms and prevalence
Symptoms and prevalence of bulimia nervosa
psysiological; nutritional deficiencies and hormonal changes could lead to disturbances in the menstrual circle, fatigue, digestive problems, muscle cramping.
cognitive; distorted body image, low self-esteem, sense of lack of control during binge-eating episode.
emotional; fear of becoming fat, body dissatisfaction, depressed mood

8. Symptoms and prevalence
Symptoms and prevalence of bulimia nervosa
- behavioral; self-starvation in combination with recurrent binge eating episodes and compensatory such as vomiting and misuse of laxatives to avoid weight gain.

9. Symptoms and prevalence
Symptoms and prevalence of bulimia nervosa
1-2% in young women in US and UK
Fairburn and Beglin (1990)
1-3% of adult women in US according to APA (2000)
1% in women and 0,2% in male students in US according to a large-scale survey, Drewnowski et al. (1988) Most prevalent among undergraduate women living in campus (2,2%)

10. Symptoms and prevalence
Symptoms and prevalence of bulimia nervosa
The more westernised the culture the higher prevalence; ”it is important to be slim”.

11. Symptoms and prevalence

12. Symptoms and prevalence

13. Symptoms and prevalence