1. The Cold War and Post War Diplomacy Ch. 6 Continued
SOCIAL STUDIES 11
The Cold War and Post War Diplomacy
Ch. 6 Continued

2. Igor Gouzenko (The Cold War hits home)
A cipher clerk for the Soviet Embassy to Canada in Ottawa, Ontario.
He defected on Sept. 5, 1945 with 109 documents on Soviet espionage activities in the West.

3. A Bi-Polar World The Cold War World
Canada “A Middle Power”

4. NATO and The Warsaw Pact
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization of democratic countries and the Warsaw Pact, an alliance of communist countries.
The hope of N.A.T.O. was to stop or limit the spread of communism, the “red menace”.
CONTAINMENT

5. MAP: Countries of the NATO Alliance

8. Planning for Peace: The United Nations
The United Nations, a predecessor to the ineffective League of Nations, was created in 1945 in San Francisco formulated on the principle of collective security.
This organization could publicly condemn offending nations, impose economic boycotts, and engage military force through its Security Council.
The five permanent members of the UN Security Council are: Great Britain, France, the U.S.A., Russia, and China (they all have the power of “veto”).
Canada has been on the Council for 12 years. Trudeau is trying to get a seat for 2021

9. The United Nations Building, NYC

10. Planning for Peace: The United Nations
Canada would be an active member of the U.N. participating in many aspects of the organizations structure.
It would be Lester B. Pearson, who would become Prime Minister of Canada in 1963, who suggested a solution to the Suez Crisis with the deployment of an international peace keeping force to maintain the peace.

11. Lester B. Pearson
Lester Bowles "Mike" Pearson (23 April 1897 – 27 December 1972)
A Canadian statesman, diplomat and politician who was made a Nobel Laureate in 1957.
Fourteenth Prime Minister of Canada from April 22, 1963, until April 20, 1968

12. Planning for Peace: The United Nations
The United Nations is committed to the betterment of people’s lives through its many agencies including the World Health Organization, UNICEF, and the International Monetary Fund.
Canada has participated in many of these agencies as well as development projects, aid during natural disasters, and refugee assistance.

13. Towards a More Independent Defence Policy
Military apprehension would lead Canada to closer ties with the U.S.A (and decreasing association with Great Britain).
Canada would commit to the N.O.R.A.D agreement in 1957, a combined defensive effort of North America by combined Canadian and American efforts (mostly American).
North American Aerospace Defence Command

14. NORAD Headquarters Colorado

16. Towards a More Independent Defence Policy
The Americans would install three “warning systems” throughout Canada purposed to intercept inter-continental ballistic missiles that if launched would travel over Canada on their way to either the U.S.A. or Russia.
Canada would keep an army brigade and several air squadrons in Europe and Canadians ships and planes would track Russian submarines.
DEW, Mid-Canada, and Pinetree Line

17. • DEW LINE RADAR STATIONS • MID CANADA LINE RADAR STATIONS • PINETREE LINE RADAR STATIONS

20. Planned Route of ICBM’s

21. Towards a More Independent Defence Policy
The Canadian government would develop civil defence plans for citizens and those more fearful, would construct “bomb shelters”.
Canadians would also become more conscious of “communist” ideologies and sympathies.
Defence industries “screened” their workers and unions were eyed with a “watchful eye”.

22. 1950’s Fallout Shelter Handbook

23. The Avro Arrow
A shining moment occurred with the development of the Avro Arrow, a supersonic jet fighter.
It was well ahead of its time technologically but would be scrapped by the Diefenbaker government who maintained modern day warfare would be fought with intercontinental missiles rather than jet fighters.

24. The AVRO Arrow

25. The Avro Arrow
It was also a Liberal inspired project and Diefenbaker was a Conservative.
Some thought the project was submarined by the U.S.A. because they had not developed the technology.
It is ironic that most of the world’s minor conflicts since then have utilized jet fighters almost exclusively.

26. Canada as a Middle Power
Canada joined La Francophonie, an organization of French speaking countries, many former colonies of France.
Canada also participated in the Colombo Plan, a plan to assist developing countries.
Canada invited overseas students to study in Canada and sent experts overseas to give technical assistance.