1. The Roman Empire

2. The Republic Collapses

3. Economic Collapse Increasing gap between rich & poor
Population Breakdown:
Urban poor (25%)
Slave population (33%)
Small farms v. large farms
CONFLICT!

4. Military Upheaval Decreasing loyalty within the military
Power-hungry generals & shifting loyalties
1st Triumvirate:
Caesar, Pompey, Crassus

5. Military Upheaval 1st Triumvirate: group of 3 rulers
Caesar, Pompey, Crassus
Caesar:
Consul
Governor of Gaul – Success!
Pompey orders Caesar home
Crosses Rubicon River & defeats Pompey
Becomes Dictator!

6. Caesar’s Reforms

7. Caesar’s Reforms
Granted Roman citizenship to people living in Roman provinces
Expanded the Senate
Aided the poor by providing jobs
Increased pay for military

10. The Beginning of Empire

11. The Empire
After Caesar’s death civil war broke out; destroyed what was left of Republic
Second Triumvirate:
Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus

12. The Empire
Ruled for 10 years with the intention of avenging the assassins
Ended in jealousy, violence, war, etc.

13. Cleopatra + Marc Antony

15. The Empire
End Result:
After Octavian defeated Mark Antony & Cleopatra he became UNCHALLENGED RULER of Rome
Became Augustus; the “exalted one”

16. A Vast & Powerful Empire

17. The Pax Romana Peak of the Roman Empire 27 BC to AD 180
Peace & prosperity
Pax Romana:
“Roman Peace”

18. Extent of Empire 3 million square miles; 60 to 80 million people
Spain, Mesopotamia, North Africa, Britain

19. Political Improvements
Contributions of Augustus:
Established VERY efficient gov’t
Stabilized the Roman frontier
Glorified Rome
Established a civil service system

21. Agriculture & Trade Agriculture; most important industry
90% of population involved in production
HUGE trading network; made easier because of common coinage
Greece, Anatolia, China, India, etc.