1. Can you figure out how the Present subjunctive is formed?
What principal part is used?
What endings are added?
So what’s the difference between subjunctive and present indicative?
Subjunctive Indicative
audiant audiunt
taceant tacent
recitet recitat

2. What if I do this? What principal part is used?
What endings are added?
So what’s the difference between subjunctive and present indicative?
Subjunctive Indicative
audiant audiunt
taceant tacent
recitet recitat

3. Formation of the Present Subjunctive:
1st Conjugation: dominant vowel A becomes an E.
2ND Conjugation: dominant vowel E becomes an EA.
3rd Conjugation: dominant vowel I becomes an A.
4th Conjugation: dominant vowel I becomes an IA.

4. We eat caviar.
We beat a liar.
She wears a diamond

5. -bo, -bi, -bu in 1 and 2. -a and -e in 4 and 3.
1st/2nd -bo -bimus
-bis -bitis
-bit -bunt
4th/3rd -am -emus
-es -etis
-et -ent

6. How do you determine a Verb’s Conjugation?

7. Can you group the verbs into 4 Groups that follow similar vowel patterns like the nouns?
specto, spectare
dormio, dormire
bibo, bibere
sedeo, sedēre
audio, audire
rideo, ridēre
venio, venire
exspecto, exspectare
disco, discere
laboro, laborare
quaero, quaerere
canto, cantare

8. 1st Conjugation Verbs:--are verbs
specto, spectare
exspecto, exspectare
canto, cantare
laboro, laborare
3rd Conjugation Verbs:
-ere verbs
bibo, bibere
disco, discere
quaero, quaerere
2nd Conjugation Verbs:
-eo, -ēre verbs
sedeo, sedēre
rideo, ridēre
4th Conjugation Verbs:
-ire verbs
audio, audire
dormio, dormire
venio, venire

9. Present Endings 1st conjugation verbs look like:
spectat, cantat, laborat, intrat, laudat
2nd conjugation verbs look like:
sedet, ridet
3rd conjugation verbs look like:
bibit, scribit, quaerit, discit
4th conjugation verbs look like:
audit, dormit, venit

10. Fill in the Future Endings
1st conjugation verbs look like:
spect__t, cant __ t, labor __ t, intr __ t
2nd conjugation verbs look like:
sed __ t, rid__ t
3rd conjugation verbs look like:
bib __ t, scrib __ t, quaer __ t, disc __ t
4th conjugation verbs look like:
aud __ t, dorm __ t, ven __ t

11. Future Endings 1st conjugation verbs look like:
spectabit, cantabit, laborabit, intrabit
2nd conjugation verbs look like:
sedebit, ridebit
3rd conjugation verbs look like:
bibet, scribet, quaeret, discet
4th conjugation verbs look like:
audiet, dormiet, veniet

12. Fill in the Subjunctive Endings
1st conjugation verbs look like:
spect__t, cant __ t, labor __ t, intr __ t
2nd conjugation verbs look like:
sed __ t, rid__ t
3rd conjugation verbs look like:
bib __ t, scrib __ t, quaer __ t, disc __ t
4th conjugation verbs look like:
aud __ t, dorm __ t, ven __ t

13. Subjunctive Endings 1st conjugation verbs look like:
spectet, cantet, laboret, intret
2nd conjugation verbs look like:
sedeat, rideat
3rd conjugation verbs look like:
bibat, scribat, quaerat, discat
4th conjugation verbs look like:
audiat, dormiat, veniat

14. An Example of each (1st - 4th Conj) Pres. Indic. Pres. Subj
An Example of each (1st - 4th Conj) Pres. Indic. Pres. Subj. Future Indic.
1st : amat 2nd: sedet 3rd: agit 3rdio: faciunt 4th: audit
1st: amet 2nd: sedeat 3rd: agat 3rdio: faciant 4th: audiat
1st: amabit
2nd: sedebit
3rd: aget
3rdio: facient
4th: audiet

15. Caution should be used here: Pres. Indic. Pres. Subj. Future Indic.
1st : amat 2nd: sedet 3rd: agit 3rdio: faciunt 4th: audit
1st: amet 2nd: sedeat 3rd: agat 3rdio: faciant 4th: audiat
1st: amabit
2nd: sedebit
3rd: aget
3rdio: facient
4th: audiet

16. Yikes!!!! Pres. Indic. Pres. Subj. Future Indic.
1st : amat 2nd: sedet 3rd: agit 3rdio: faciunt 4th: audit
1st: amet 2nd: sedeat 3rd: agat 3rdio: faciant 4th: audiat
1st: amabit
2nd: sedebit
3rd: aget
3rdio: facient
4th: audiet