1. Hydrosphere: Water Distribution

2. Think About It…
Why is it that the water in your bottle could have been drunk by George Washington? 2

3. 2. The Hydrosphere: An Overview…
The hydrosphere is…
ALL the water on/in/over Earth’s surface
(Groundwater, rivers, lakes, oceans, clouds)

4. 3. The Hydrosphere: An Overview…
You must write 2 notes from the video.
watch?v=IPWWojtt3kU

5. 4. The Structure of Hydrosphere
Oceans— about 97% of water found here.
Landmasses— 3% of water found here. 5

6. 5. Of the Freshwater on Earth…
90% is in the form of
polar ice caps and glaciers.
Alaska’s Glacier Bay

7. 6. Of the Freshwater on Earth…
Most of the remaining 10% is groundwater.
Alaska’s Glacier Bay

8. 7. Of the Freshwater on Earth…
Only a small fraction is in rivers, streams, and lakes.
Alaska’s Glacier Bay

9. 8. The World’s Water Supply…
Oceans – 97.2% - thousands of years
Ice caps and glaciers – 2.15% - tens of thousands of years

10. 9. The World’s Water Supply…
Groundwater - .31% - hundreds to thousands of years
Lakes % - tens of years

11. 10. The World’s Water Supply…
Atmosphere % - nine days!
Rivers and streams % - two weeks

12. 11. The Water Cycle… The Water Cycle…

13. 12. Watersheds and Stream Systems…
A stream is runoff water that begins to flow more permanently in a channel. 13

14. 13. Watersheds and Stream Systems…
A large stream is called a river.
The smaller streams that feed into it are called tributaries 14

15. The Rivers of North Carolina…15

16. 14. Fresh Water Locations Surface Water
What is the difference between a watershed and a river basin?
Both terms describe land that drains into a river, stream or lake 16

17. 15. Fresh Water Locations Surface Water
River Basin: the term used to describe an area that drains into a large river
Watershed: the term used to describe an area that drains into a smaller river or stream 17

18. North Carolina Watersheds… 18

19. North Carolina River Basins

20. 16. Watersheds
The watershed of the Mississippi River is the largest watershed in North America! 20

21. Larger river basins are made up of many interconnected watersheds
17.
Larger river basins are made up of many interconnected watersheds
Example: Cape Fear and Neuse River Basins are made of many small watersheds 21

22. 18.
The water in a watershed runs to the lowest point—a river, stream, lake, or ocean 22

23. 19. Rivers
What is a river?
A large channel along which water is continually flowing down a slope— made of many streams that come together 23

24. 20. Streams
What is a stream?
A small channel along which water is continually flowing down a slope—made of small gullies 24

25. A body of water of considerable size contained on a body of land
21. Lakes
What is a lake?
A body of water of considerable size contained on a body of land 25

26. 22. Groundwater What is groundwater?
The water found in cracks and pores in sand, gravel and rocks below the earth’s surface 26

27. 23. Groundwater What is an aquifer?
An underground storage area of water made of permeable rock
Water has less pollutants
because they are filtered out by
rocks and soil 27

28. 24. How water moves underground
Where does groundwater come from?
Precipitation! Precipitation can evaporate, run off the surface or soak into the underground.

29. 25. How water moves underground
Where does groundwater come from?
Water trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.

30. 26. Effects of different materials.
What are permeable materials?
Materials that are full of tiny, connected air spaces, that water can seep through.

31. 27. Effects of different materials.
What are impermeable materials?
Materials such as clay and granite that water cannot seep through easily.

32. 28. Water Zones 3 Types of water zones Unsaturated zone Water table

33. 29. Water Zones
The unsaturated zone is the layers of soil and rock above the water table that contain some moisture AND air. They are not saturated.

34. 30. Water Zones
The top of that saturated zone is called the water table.

35. 31. Water Zones
The area of permeable rock or soil that is totally filled with water is called the saturated zone.

36. Water Zones

37. 32. Groundwater Storage…
The depth of the water table varies…
…in swampy areas- water table is almost at surface,
…in arid regions - water table is far beneath surface
Green Swamp, FL

38. 33. Groundwater Storage… If the water table is
high, it is more likely to flood.
low, it is less likely to flood.

39. 34. Groundwater Storage…
The water table fluctuates (changes) with the seasons and weather conditions because…
it depends on rain to recharge it

40. 35. Wells
A water well is a structure created in the ground by digging or drilling accessible groundwater in underground aquifers.

41. 36. Wells
An aquifer is where the groundwater is stored underground.

42. 37. Wells
The well water is drawn up to the surface by a pump.

43. 38. Other Surface Waters What is a wetland?
An area where the water table is at, near or above the land surface long enough during the year to support adapted plant growth 43

44. 39. Other Surface Waters What are the types of wetlands?
Swamps, bogs, and marshes
Swamp: a wetland dominated by trees
Bogs: a wetland dominated by peat moss
Marshes: a wetland dominated by grasses 44

45. Review

46. The End
THE END