1. Chemistry
The Study of Matter

2. The Basics Chemistry is the study of matter and their interactions
The substances of which physical substances are made
The study of modern chemistry began in the 1700’s
For thousands of years prior, alchemists were the main students of matter and their interactions
Alchemy was a little science mixed with a lot of philosophy and spiritualism

3. Matter is classified based on its state or phase
The 4 states/phases are:
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

4. Kinetic-Molecular Theory
Describes solids, liquids and gases
All matter consists of extremely small particles
Particles are in constant, random motion
The higher the temperature, the faster the particles are moving (more kinetic energy)
The ‘energy of motion’

5. Solids
Particles have lower kinetic energy than liquids (move at low speeds)
Particles are close together and restricted to specific locations
Particles are arranged with a high degree of regularity

6. Liquids
Particles have a higher kinetic energy than solids (move at faster speeds)
Particles are close to each other but can move past one another

7. Gases Particles have high kinetic energy (move at high speeds)
Particles move freely in random, straight-line patterns
Little interaction between particles

8. “Kinds” of Matter

9. Pure Substances Elements
All atoms that make up an element are the same
They exhibit unique chemical & physical properties
They cannot be broken down into simpler substances
All known elements are found on the periodic table

10. Can contain two or more different elements in a fixed proportion
Compounds
Can contain two or more different elements in a fixed proportion
Exhibit unique chemical & physical properties
Identified with chemical formulas
Ex.
H2O (water)
CO2 (carbon dioxide)