1. Verbals

2. What is a verbal?
A verbal is a verb that is being used as another part of speech, rather than as a verb.

3. What is a verbal?
Examples: -Running seems tiresome at first. -The frightened cat scratched my eye. -Sometimes I like to swing at the park.
Gerund
Participle
Infinitive

4. Definition: A gerund is a verb that acts as a noun
Definition: A gerund is a verb that acts as a noun. They always end in –ing.
Gerunds
Examples:
Running is great exercise.
Most people enjoy eating.
Sentences:
My son loves playing with his toy dinosaur
The doctor gave studying all of his attention

5. Functions of Gerunds
Gerund as a Subject: -Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences.

6. Functions of Gerunds
Gerund as a Direct Object: -They do not appreciate my singing.

7. Functions of Gerunds
Gerund as a Subject Complement: -My cat’s favorite activity is sleeping.

8. Functions of Gerunds
Gerund as an Object of a Preposition: -The police arrested him for speeding.

9. Gerund phrases
A gerund phrase will begin with a gerund, an ing word, and will include other modifiers and/or objects. Gerund phrases always function as nouns, so they will be subjects, subject complements, or objects in the sentence.

10. Gerund phrases - Subject
Finding a needle in a haystack would be easier than what we’re trying to do.

11. Gerund phrases – Direct Object
I hope that you appreciate my offering you this opportunity.

12. Gerund phrases – Subject Complement
Newt’s favorite tactic has been lying to his constituents.

13. Gerund phrases – Object of the Preposition
You might get in trouble for faking an illness to avoid work.

14. The crying woman left the movie theater.
Definition: A participle is a verb that acts as an adjective.
-Present participles end in –ing
-Past participles end on –ed or -en
Participles
Examples:
The crying woman left the movie theater.
The frustrated child ran away from home.
Sentences:
The tormented child dreamt of monsters.
Screaming adults tend to be very impatient.

15. Participial Phrase
A participial phrase is a group of words consisting of a participle and the modifiers that function as the adjective of a sentence.

16. Participial phrases
Removing his coat, Jack rushed to the river. Children introduced to music early develop strong intellectual skills

17. I like to debate. (Present)
Definition: An infinitive is “to + a verb”
-Present infinitives are only “to + a verb”
-Perfect infinitives are “to have/have been + past
tense of a verb”
Infinitives
Examples:
I like to debate. (Present)
I would have liked to read the paper. (Perfect)
Sentences:
It is wrong to play with matches.
It would have been enough to have been mentioned.

18. Infinitive Phrases
An infinitive phrase will begin with an infinitive and include objects and/or modifiers.

19. Infinitive Phrases – Direct Objects
We intended to leave early. Phil agreed to give me a ride. They asked me to bring some food.

20. Infinitive Phrases - Adjectives
I have a paper to write before class.

21. Split Infinitives
Split infinitives occur when additional words are included between to and the verb. Avoid these in formal writing.

22. Split infinitives
I like to on a nice day walk in the woods. I need to quickly gather my personal possessions.