1. Chapter 14 Lesson 2 The People of the North
North & South
Chapter 14 Lesson 2
The People of the North

2. The Factories of the North
Factories: primary use of machines; people hired to do specialized tasks; increase in manufacturing.
Over 10 hours work/day.
Dangerous working conditions.
Hot summers/cold winters.
No workplace laws.
Child Labor: some children worked six days a week for over 10 hours/day; worked in same conditions as adults.

3. Age of the Unions
Trade Unions: groups of workers with the same trade or skill that banded together to demanded better working conditions and higher pay.
General Trade Unions of New York.
Strike: the power of any union is the ability to strike (refuse to work); the goal is to force employers to make changes in favor of the employees.

4. African Americans in the North
Prejudice: unfair opinion of a group.
Discrimination: unfair treatment of a group.
Though slavery was mostly gone in the North, there was still racial prejudice and discrimination against African Americans.
African Americans were prohibited from voting, going to public school, and using other public services, including hospitals.
Macon Allen: first African American licensed to practice law.

5. Women in the North
Women also faced prejudice and discrimination in the workplace.
Lower wages.
Prohibited from joining unions.
Prohibited from taking certain jobs.
Sarah Bagley: started the Lowell Female Labor Reform Organization; one of the first all-female unions.

6. The Growth of Cities
Factories: mainly in cities and along rivers; manufacturing and industrialization encouraged growth in cities.
Cities: centers of trade and industry that linked Midwest farmers with the Northeast.

7. Immigration
Immigration: process of entering one country from another; greatly increased in America between 1840 and
Irish Immigrants: left Ireland due to famine (extreme shortage of food).
German Immigrants: left Germany due to employment opportunities and political problems.
Immigrants brought with them culture, language, religion, and tradition that changed the American way.
Many immigrants faced prejudice and discrimination because they were not natural-born citizens.
Nativists: American citizens against immigration; feared loss of jobs for Americans, foreign diseases, and crime.
Created the American Party, also known as the Know- Nothing Party; called for laws making it tougher to become a citizen.