1. The need for Liberty and Labor
AIM: Why did immigrants come to America in the late 1800s-1900s?
Immigration
The need for Liberty and Labor
Do Now: Take a Quiz you have 5-7 min

2. First arrival of the Dutch in 1624
U.S. immigration patterns changed during the late 1800s as new immigrants arrived from Europe, Asia, and Mexico.
Old Immigrants
Arrived before 1880s
Mostly from Britain, Germany, Ireland, and Scandinavia
Mostly Protestants, but some Roman Catholics
Many were skilled workers.
Some settled in rural areas and became farmers.
New Immigrants
Came after 1880
From southern and eastern Europe; included Czechs, Greeks, Hungarians, Italians, Poles, Russians, and Slovaks
Diverse cultures and religious backgrounds.
Wanted job opportunities in cities
Jackie:
First arrival of the Dutch in 1624
Settled in the lower, southern part of Manhattan-out of Indian territory
Dutch expansion into northern territories
War erupted between Natives & Dutch
Governor Kieft sentenced a handful of Natives to death
Natives managed to kill all of the settlers
Arrival of Peter Stuyvesant in mid 1647 as Director General of the colony of New Amsterdam
Settlers knew that the Indian’s northern territory would be suitable for farming and had hopes of establishing successful tobacco plantations
In 1658, Stuyvesant built a town in “Muscoota” and named it “Nieuw Haarlem” after the Dutch city of Harlem
The Indian trail to Harlem's lush bottomland meadows was rebuilt by eleven black laborers on behalf of the Dutch West India Company which eventually developed into the Boston Post Road
The arrival of the English in 1664 changed “Nieuw Haarlem” to “Harlem”

3. Immigration Centers Early Beginnings
East Coast
Ellis Island in New York Harbor was the busiest East Coast center.
Opened in 1892
Millions of immigrants came through its center over the next 40 years.
Less than 2% of arrivals were denied entrance into the country.
West Coast
Angel Island near San Francisco
Opened in 1910
Entrance for many Chinese immigrants
By law, only Chinese whose fathers were U.S. citizens were allowed into the country.
South
El Paso, Texas had the main processing center for immigrants from Mexico.
Most settled in the Southwest.
Found work in construction, steel mills, mines, and on large commercial farms
Jackie:
First arrival of the Dutch in 1624
Settled in the lower, southern part of Manhattan-out of Indian territory
Dutch expansion into northern territories
War erupted between Natives & Dutch
Governor Kieft sentenced a handful of Natives to death
Natives managed to kill all of the settlers
Arrival of Peter Stuyvesant in mid 1647 as Director General of the colony of New Amsterdam
Settlers knew that the Indian’s northern territory would be suitable for farming and had hopes of establishing successful tobacco plantations
In 1658, Stuyvesant built a town in “Muscoota” and named it “Nieuw Haarlem” after the Dutch city of Harlem
The Indian trail to Harlem's lush bottomland meadows was rebuilt by eleven black laborers on behalf of the Dutch West India Company which eventually developed into the Boston Post Road
The arrival of the English in 1664 changed “Nieuw Haarlem” to “Harlem”

4. Old Immigrants resented the New Immigrants.
New Immigrants came to this country for the same reasons as the Old Immigrants.

5. Chinese Exclusion Act - 1882
Chinese immigration would be outlawed until the 1920’s.
Resentment and discrimination against the Chinese.
First law to restrict immigration.
Taking away jobs from Nativists (sound familiar?)

7. Immigrants Settle in Cities
Industrialization leads to urbanization, or growth of cities
Most immigrants settle in cities; get cheap housing, factory jobs
Americanization—assimilate people into main culture
Schools, voluntary groups teach citizenship skills
English, American history, cooking, etiquette
Ethnic communities provide social support

12. Early Beginnings First arrival of the Dutch in 1624
Jackie:
First arrival of the Dutch in 1624
Settled in the lower, southern part of Manhattan-out of Indian territory
Dutch expansion into northern territories
War erupted between Natives & Dutch
Governor Kieft sentenced a handful of Natives to death
Natives managed to kill all of the settlers
Arrival of Peter Stuyvesant in mid 1647 as Director General of the colony of New Amsterdam
Settlers knew that the Indian’s northern territory would be suitable for farming and had hopes of establishing successful tobacco plantations
In 1658, Stuyvesant built a town in “Muscoota” and named it “Nieuw Haarlem” after the Dutch city of Harlem
The Indian trail to Harlem's lush bottomland meadows was rebuilt by eleven black laborers on behalf of the Dutch West India Company which eventually developed into the Boston Post Road
The arrival of the English in 1664 changed “Nieuw Haarlem” to “Harlem”

13. Christina:
Harlem had become largely a village of shanties and remained that way until the pressure of urban population growth and the later need for living space restored value to Harlem. The impoverished village was taken over by the city of New York in Later recovery came when elevated railroads were extended to Harlem in 1880.
During this time, Harlem was considered a suburb of Manhattan where affluent farms and summer homes were located.  The most reliable form of transportation from Harlem to Manhattan was by steamboat; this happened to be seasonal, as the steamboats remained docked when the rivers were frozen.  Stagecoaches provided the only other travel method and proved to be long and grueling over New York's rough roads. These transportation systems did little to encourage settlement in Harlem.
A big landmark of the early to middle nineteenth century and the most important development to affect Harlem’s growth was the creation of the New York and Harlem Railroad Company, to link New York City with Harlem (the city with the suburb). The first section, along the Bowery from Prince Street north to 14th Street, opened on November 26, The New York and Harlem Railroad was one of the first railroads in the U.S, and possibly the first street railway, running north from Lower Manhattan to and beyond Harlem. (show slide of Harlem line)
As transportation, commerce and industry developed and numbers of immigrants arrived, Harlem became the city's first suburb. It was considered one of the most fashionable residential areas in which to live.

14. TWO DIFFERENT WORLDS
The wealthy lived extravagant lifestyles and considered themselves elitists.
1861= 3 millionaires / 1900 = 3,800
1900, 90% of wealth, controlled by 10% of population.
The 4.7 million U.S. millionaires in = 4.1% of Population
They Control 56% of Wealth in the United States

15. Negative Effects of Urbanization

16. Positive Effects of Urbanization

17. Immigration The future is now!
Write two paragraphs (7-8 sentences each) by answering the following questions.
Explain how Immigration has changed over time from old to new immigration.
How is immigration viewed today?
What are the complaints about it today?
Do people assimilate or become more American today?
What do immigrants have to offer American society?
Does each different ethnic group face challenges? Describe some today.
Immigration
The future is now!