1. Building Blocks of Life
CELLS
Building Blocks of Life
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2. Prokaryotic Cells Prokaryotic cells Very simple
Few internal structures
DNA is NOT enclosed in a nucleus
NO membrane-bound organelles
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3. Examples of Prokaryotic Cells
Photos: Daniel Kunkel
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4. Eukaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Very complex
Many internal structures
DNA is enclosed in a nucleus
Many membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and Golgi bodies
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5. Examples of Eukaryotic Cells
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6. Cell Membrane Cell membrane:
The protective layer around all cells. The cell membrane controls what goes in and what goes out of cells.
The Fence
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7. Cell Wall
Cell Wall:
Tough, rigid outer covering found in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria. Animal cells do not have cell walls. Cell walls protect and support.
The Brick Wall
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8. Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm:
The gel-like material inside cells. This is where many of the chemical reactions take place
The Filler
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9. The Cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton:
Helps the cell maintain OR change its shape. Some organisms move by stretching and contracting the cytoskeleton.
The Bones
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10. The Nucleus
Nucleus:
Directs all the activities of the cell. The DNA in the nucleus contains the instructions for everything the cell does. The nucleus is surrounded by its own membrane.
The Brain, The Skull
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11. The Mitochondria Mitochondria:
Break down food (sugars) into carbon dioxide and water. This reaction releases the stored energy in the food,
The Furnace
The Powerhouse
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12. Mitochondria at Work
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13. The Chloroplasts Chloroplasts:
Use the energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars (food). Animal cells do not have chloroplasts.
The Sugar Factory
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14. Chloroplasts at Work
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15. The Endoplasmic Reticulum
One long membrane that connects the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane. It has many folds. Proteins and other chemicals move along this membrane.
The Highway System
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16. The ER at Work http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/index1.htm
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17. The Ribosomes Ribosomes:
Made in the nucleolus, these organelles move out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm. They have no membranes that surround them. They make proteins.
The Protein Factory
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18. The Golgi Bodies Golgi Bodies:
These organelles sort, fold, package, and deliver proteins and other chemicals to areas inside and outside the cell.
The UPS Store: Sort, Pack, and Deliver
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19. Golgi Bodies at Work
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20. The Lysosomes Lysosomes:
These contain digestive chemicals (enzymes) that break down food particles, waste products, and damaged cell parts for recycling. These are much more important in animal cells.
The Recycling Center
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21. The Vacuoles Vacuoles:
These temporarily store water, food, and waste materials. These are very large and very important in plant cells. They also provide support.
The Closet
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22. References http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/introduction.html
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23. Gallery of Cells
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