1. LAP 1: Literary Elements
Literary Types

2. Genre is a type of category of literary composition such as fiction, nonfiction, poetry, and drama. The genre known as fiction includes any work of prose that tells an invented or imaginary story.
Genre

4. Literary elements provide structure to the literature
Literary elements provide structure to the literature. All literary elements are evident in all literature that creates a story.
Literary Elements

5. Plot Development
The plot is the series of events related to a central conflict, or struggle. Typically, the plot introduces a conflict, develops it, and eventually resolves it.
Plot is the map of a story. It is the sequence of events that happen in a story.
Plot provides a story with structure.

6. Plot Plot has five basic points: Exposition Rising action Climax
Falling action
Resolution/Denouement
Plot

7. Plot Diagram

8. Exposition Exposition is the beginning of the story.
Setting identified
Characters introduced
Conflict presented
Exposition

9. Setting generally provides the time and place of a specific scene or chapter, the entire story, a play or a narrative poem.
Setting can also include:
the mood of the time period, situation or event.
the social, political, environmental or emotional climate.
the emotional state of a character.
Setting

10. Rising action is when something starts to happen.

11.  It is a decisive moment or a turning point in a storyline at which the rising action turns around into a falling action.
Climax is the high point of the action.
Climax

12. Falling Action is the action following the climax
Falling Action is the action following the climax. The events and conflicts are falling together.
Falling Action

13. Resolution/ Denouement
Resolution/Denouement is the conclusion of the action when everything comes together.
Resolution/ Denouement

14. Characterization: the method used to describe a character.

15. Direct Characterization
Direct Characterization– the author tells us directly what a character is like.
Direct Characterization

16. Indirect Characterization
Indirect Characterization– what a character is like is revealed through his/her thoughts, speech, and actions.
Indirect Characterization

17. Character motivation is the reason behind a character's behaviors and actions in a given scene or throughout a story.
Character Motivation

18. Protagonist and Antagonist
Protagonist - The protagonist is the central person in a story, and is often referred to as the story's main character. He or she (or they) is faced with a conflict that must be resolved. The protagonist may not always be admirable (e.g. an anti-hero); nevertheless s/he must command involvement on the part of the reader, or better yet, empathy.
Antagonist - The antagonist is the character(s) (or situation) that represents the opposition against which the protagonist must contend. In other words, the antagonist is an obstacle that the protagonist must overcome.
Protagonist and Antagonist

19. Flat character: a one-dimensional character, commonly seen in fairy tales, who exhibits a single, dominant character trait
Round character: one who shows many different character traits
Static character: one who does not change during the course of the action
Dynamic character: one who, because of the story’s events, does change
Types of Characters

20. A plot revolves around some type of conflict, or struggle
A plot revolves around some type of conflict, or struggle. Usually, throughout the course of a story, a central conflict is introduced, developed, and resolved.
Internal Conflict: a struggle that takes place within a character.
External Conflict: a struggle that takes place between a character and some outside force.
Conflict

21. Types of Conflict Person versus Person Person versus Nature
Person versus Society
Person versus Self
Types of Conflict

22. Person vs. Person: Conflict among one or more characters.

23. Person vs. Nature: Conflict among a character and an outside physical force within nature.

24. Person vs. Society: A character versus a societal force.

25. Person vs. Self: A character versus themselves and their inner-thoughts and decisions.

26. Point of View: the vantage point from which a story is told.
Different Points of View
First Person
Second Person
Third Person Objective
Third Person Limited
Omniscient
Point of View

27. The narrator is a character, often the main character, of the story
The narrator is a character, often the main character, of the story. This character reveals personal thoughts and feelings but is unable to tell the feelings of others unless he or she is told by another character.
The first person narrator refers to him or herself as “I.”
First Person

28. Second person is a point of view (how a story is told) where the narrator tells the story to another character using the word 'you.' The author could be talking to the audience, which we could tell by the use of 'you,' 'you're,' and 'your.'
In fiction, second person is used as a narrative voice, a term used for the method in which a narrator describes the story.
In nonfiction, we see second person in business and technical writing, process writing, self-help books, and even more interactive game playing writing.
Second Person

29. Third Person Objective
Third Person Objective: The narrator is an outsider, not a character. The third person objective reports what is happening (seen and heard), but cannot tell the reader what characters are thinking.
Third Person Objective

30. Third Person Limited: The narrator is an outsider, not a character
Third Person Limited: The narrator is an outsider, not a character. The third person objective reports what is happening as well as the thoughts of one specific character.
Third Person Limited

31. Third Person Omniscient
Omniscient: This is the all-knowing narrator. The omniscient point of view sees everything and hears everything, and is able to see into the minds of multiple characters.
Third Person Omniscient

32. The theme is the central idea or perception about life that is revealed through a literary work.
Most works of fiction do not have a stated theme but rather several implied themes.
Theme is a main idea or strong message tied to life.
Theme threads itself through a story, chapter or scene to make a point about life, society or human nature.
Generally, there is one major theme in a piece of literature.
Additional themes can often be found in a piece of literature.
Theme

33. Examples of Theme Love Loss Good vs. Evil Coming of age
Power and corruption
Survival
Examples of Theme

34. Tone is the writer’s attitude toward his or her subject as indicated by diction (word choices), the use of certain literary devices, and genre.
Examples of an author’s tone include, but are not limited to: humorous, passionate, sincere, solemn, and anger.
Tone

35. Mood, or atmosphere, is the emotion created in the reader by part or all of a story.
Mood is how the reader feels about the story
Tip: this is how you as the reader feels from reading the story.
Mood

36. Inferences a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning.
Inferences

37. Flashback and Foreshadowing
A story has to have a beginning and an end. A story’s plot, therefore, is often framed by time.
Most stories are told in chronological order: meaning that the writer unfolds events in the order in which they occur.
Sometimes authors play with this time sequence.
A flashback interrupts the chronological sequence of a literary work and presents an event that occurred earlier.
Writers use foreshadowing to present hints or clues to events that will occur later in a story.
Flashback and Foreshadowing

38. Irony is the contrast between expectation (what is expected) and reality (what actually occurs).

39. Irony or Coincidence?

40. Coincidence and Irony Coincidence is when two things happen by chance.
Irony is the opposite of expectations.
Coincidence and Irony

41. Slide 1

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43. Slide 3

44. Slide 4

45. Slide 5

46. Slide 6

47. Dramatic irony – This occurs when the reader or audience understands more about the events of a story than a character.
Dramatic Irony

48. Situational irony – This occurs when what actually happens is the opposite of what is expected or appropriate.
Situational Irony

49. Verbal irony – A character says one thing but really means the opposite.
Verbal Irony

50. A symbol is a person, a place, a thing, or an event that has meaning in itself and stands for something beyond itself as well.
A symbols is commonly known as representing the other item.
Symbol

51. The use of symbols to represent ideas or meanings.
Symbolism