1. Byzantine Empire

3. Middle Ages / Medieval Period
All the empires we have studied to this point have been referred to as ancient civilizations.
Mesopotamia
Fertile Crescent
Egypt
India
China
Greece
Rome
Ancient history is the study of the written past from the beginning of recorded human history until the Early Middle Ages in Europe.
The Middle Ages or Medieval Period began with the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D. and lasts to about 1500.

4. The New Rome
395—Roman Empire split Roman Empire (West) & Byzantine Empire (East)
Greeks=most of Byzantine Empire’s population
Wealthy families moved to Constantinople when barbarians invaded Rome

7. Constantinople (crossroads of Europe & Asia)
Bosporus & Dardanelles—2 important waterways

8. Emperor Justinian
Nicknamed “Emperor who never sleeps”

9. Justinian’s Code Based on Roman laws
Law code: Corpus of Civil Law (Justinian’s Code)
Based on Roman laws

10. Theodora Justinian’s wife & advisor Allowed women to own land
532: Nika Revolt
Theodora talked him into staying
General Belisarius- put down revolt & won back Roman lands

11. Hippodrome- Chariot races (like Rome’s Circus Maximus)

13. Justinian wanted strength of old Roman Empire
By 554— reclaimed Italy, North Africa, & Spain from Germanic tribes
Chemical weapon “Greek fire”
After Justinian’s death, Germanic tribes reclaimed lands

15. Christian Church Defend Christianity Appoint Church officials
Emperors crowned by Patriarch of Constantinople
Defend Christianity
Appoint Church officials

16. Icons (religious images)
Iconoclasts believed having icons was idol worship
726: Byzantine Emperor Leo III– destroyed icons
787: Pope in Rome-- heresy not to allow icons (some couldn’t read & icons helped them learn Christianity)
Church council threatened iconoclasts with excommunication

18. Pope & Patriarch excommunicated each other
700s: Lombards invaded Italy, Byzantine emperor refused to help Pope
Frankish leader helped--Pepin the Short—Pope gives him title “emperor”
1054: SPLIT---WEST (Roman Catholic Church) EAST (Eastern Orthodox Church)

19. Goods from Asia & Europe Silk Road
Trade:
Goods from Asia & Europe
Silk Road
2 Orthodox monk missionaries brought silkworms from China

20. Art- religious subjects
Icons- displayed saints
Mosaics- pieces of tile or glass
Religious scholars used art in books
Illuminated manuscripts (decorated books)

22. Literature focused on salvation, obedience to God, & preserving Greek & Roman works

23. Architecture
532: Church of Hagia Sophia (meaning “holy wisdom”) in Constantinople

24. 860: Cyril created alphabet for Slavic people
Cyril & Methodius-- missionaries
860: Cyril created alphabet for Slavic people
Cyrillic Alphabet- used by Russia today

26. AD 1071—Seljuk Turks threaten Constantinople
Byzantine emperor asked Pope to help “defend Christianity”
Europeans went to Palestine to fight Muslims-Crusades (holy wars)

27. 1204—Venetians looted Constantinople
1453—Ottoman Turks attacked
Byzantine emperor killed
End of Byzantine Empire

28. The Slavs Dnieper Dniester Volga Steppe- treeless grassland
Taiga- thick forests
Long, cold winters
3 major rivers
Dnieper
Dniester
Volga
All flow North to South

30. The Eastern Slavs Setting and People
3 major ethnic groups lived in the area north of the Black Sea
1.) Western Slavs
Poles, Czechs, Slovaks
Close ties to Roman Catholic Church and Western Europe
2.) Southern Slavs
Serbs, Croats, Slovenes
Located on the northern part of the Balkan Peninsula
Lots of contact with the Byzantines
3.) Eastern Slavs
Largest group
Ukranians, Russians, Belarussians
Lived between the Dnieper and Dniester Rivers

31. Kievan Rus
800s AD- Vikings from Scandinavia (Norway, Denmark, Sweden) settled town of Novgorod
Vikings=Ruotsi=Rus=Russia
Kiev (major trading village)
Kiev grew into group of principalities called Kievan Rus

35. Principalities ruled by princes
Grand Prince—like emperor
Princes—paid tribute to GP
Boyars—landowners
Artisans & merchants
Peasants

38. Built churches, created 1st law code
988 AD—Grand Prince Vladimir I adopted Christianity & Cyrillic Alphabet
Yaroslav the Wise ( )
1st library of Kiev
Built churches, created 1st law code

41. 1240—Mongols invaded
1240—Alexander “Nevsky” defeated Swedes at Neva River
1380—Mucovites (people of Moscow) defeated Mongols at Battle of Kulikovo

42. 1493—Ivan III ruler of Moscow refused to pay Mongol taxes, made himself sovereign of all Russia— “Ivan the Great”
Orthodox Church called Russia the “3rd Rome”

44. Ivan IV “the terrible”
Paranoid- mentally unstable
Killed his own son
Massacre at Novgorod
Took title czar “Caesar”

45. http://www. uoregon. edu/~alayne/Images/st-basil-cathedral-exterior