1. Byzantine Empire

3. Middle Ages / Medieval Period All the empires we have studied to this point have been referred to as ancient civilizations. All the empires we have studied to this point have been referred to as ancient civilizations. – Mesopotamia – Fertile Crescent – Egypt – India – China – Greece – Rome Ancient history is the study of the written past from the beginning of recorded human history until the Early Middle Ages in Europe. Ancient history is the study of the written past from the beginning of recorded human history until the Early Middle Ages in Europe. The Middle Ages or Medieval Period began with the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D. and lasts to about 1500. The Middle Ages or Medieval Period began with the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D. and lasts to about 1500. 3

4. The New Rome 395—Roman Empire split Roman Empire (West) & Byzantine Empire (East) 395—Roman Empire split Roman Empire (West) & Byzantine Empire (East) Greeks=most of Byzantine Empire’s population Greeks=most of Byzantine Empire’s population Wealthy families moved to Constantinople when barbarians invaded Rome Wealthy families moved to Constantinople when barbarians invaded Rome

7. Constantinople (crossroads of Europe & Asia) Constantinople (crossroads of Europe & Asia) Bosporus & Dardanelles— 2 important waterways Bosporus & Dardanelles— 2 important waterways

8. Emperor Justinian 527- 565 527- 565 Nicknamed “Emperor who never sleeps” Nicknamed “Emperor who never sleeps”

9. Justinian’s Code Law code: Corpus of Civil Law (Justinian’s Code) Law code: Corpus of Civil Law (Justinian’s Code) –Based on Roman laws http://www.fordham.e du/halsall/basis/535in stitutes.html#XV.%20 Agnate%20Tutorshiphttp://www.fordham.e du/halsall/basis/535in stitutes.html#XV.%20 Agnate%20Tutorship. http://www.fordham.e du/halsall/basis/535in stitutes.html#XV.%20 Agnate%20Tutorship

10. Theodora Justinian’s wife & advisor Justinian’s wife & advisor Allowed women to own land Allowed women to own land 532: Nika Revolt 532: Nika Revolt –Theodora talked him into staying –General Belisarius- put down revolt & won back Roman lands

11. Hippodrome- Chariot races (like Rome’s Circus Maximus) http://www.knowledgerush.com/kr/encyclopedia/Hippodrome_of_Constantinople /

12. http://www.livius.org/a/1/maps/istanbul_hippodrome_map.gif

13. Justinian wanted strength of old Roman Empire Justinian wanted strength of old Roman Empire By 554— reclaimed Italy, North Africa, & Spain from Germanic tribes By 554— reclaimed Italy, North Africa, & Spain from Germanic tribes –Chemical weapon “Greek fire” –After Justinian’s death, Germanic tribes reclaimed lands

15. Christian Church Emperors crowned by Patriarch of Constantinople Emperors crowned by Patriarch of Constantinople –Defend Christianity –Appoint Church officials

16. Icons (religious images) Icons (religious images) –Iconoclasts believed having icons was idol worship 726: Byzantine Emperor Leo III– destroyed icons 726: Byzantine Emperor Leo III– destroyed icons –787: Pope in Rome-- heresy not to allow icons (some couldn’t read & icons helped them learn Christianity) –Church council threatened iconoclasts with excommunication

18. Pope and Patriarch excommunicated each other Pope and Patriarch excommunicated each other –700s: Lombards invaded Italy, Byzantine emperor refused to help Pope –Frankish leader helped--Pepin the Short—Pope gives him title “emperor” –1054: SPLIT---WEST (Roman Catholic Church) EAST (Eastern Orthodox Church)

19. Church supported marriage (sacred institution) – Roman Catholic Priests not allowed to marry Church supported marriage (sacred institution) – Roman Catholic Priests not allowed to marry Divorce - difficult to get Divorce - difficult to get

20. Trade: Trade: –Goods from Asia & Europe –Silk Road –2 Orthodox monk missionaries brought silkworms from China

21. Art- religious subjects Art- religious subjects –Icons- displayed saints –Mosaics- pieces of tile or glass –Religious scholars used art in books – Illuminated manuscripts (decorated books)

23. Literature focused on salvation, obedience to God, & preserving Greek & Roman works Literature focused on salvation, obedience to God, & preserving Greek & Roman works

24. Architecture 532: Church of Hagia Sophia (meaning “holy wisdom”) in Constantinople 532: Church of Hagia Sophia (meaning “holy wisdom”) in Constantinople

25. Cyril & Methodius-- missionaries Cyril & Methodius-- missionaries –860: Cyril created alphabet for Slavic people –Cyrillic Alphabet- used by Russia today

27. AD 1071—Seljuk Turks threaten Constantinople AD 1071—Seljuk Turks threaten Constantinople Byzantine emperor asked Pope to help “defend Christianity” Byzantine emperor asked Pope to help “defend Christianity” Europeans went to Palestine to fight Muslims-Crusades (holy wars) Europeans went to Palestine to fight Muslims-Crusades (holy wars)

28. 1204—Venetians looted Constantinople 1204—Venetians looted Constantinople 1453—Ottoman Turks attacked 1453—Ottoman Turks attacked –Byzantine emperor killed –End of Byzantine Empire

29. The Slavs Steppe- treeless grassland Steppe- treeless grassland Taiga- thick forests Taiga- thick forests Long, cold winters Long, cold winters 3 major rivers 3 major rivers –Dnieper –Dniester –Volga All flow North to South

31. The Eastern Slavs Setting and People Setting and People 3 major ethnic groups lived in the area north of the Black Sea 3 major ethnic groups lived in the area north of the Black Sea 1.) Western Slavs 1.) Western Slavs –Poles, Czechs, Slovaks –Close ties to Roman Catholic Church and Western Europe 2.) Southern Slavs 2.) Southern Slavs –Serbs, Croats, Slovenes –Located on the northern part of the Balkan Peninsula –Lots of contact with the Byzantines 3.) Eastern Slavs 3.) Eastern Slavs –Largest group –Ukranians, Russians, Belarussians –Lived between the Dnieper and Dniester Rivers

32. Kievan Rus 800s AD- Vikings from Scandinavia (Norway, Denmark, Sweden) settled town of Novgorod 800s AD- Vikings from Scandinavia (Norway, Denmark, Sweden) settled town of Novgorod Vikings=Ruotsi=Rus=Russia Vikings=Ruotsi=Rus=Russia Kiev (major trading village) Kiev (major trading village) Kiev grew into group of principalities called Kievan Rus Kiev grew into group of principalities called Kievan Rus

35. Principalities ruled by princes Principalities ruled by princes –Grand Prince—like emperor –Princes—paid tribute to GP –Boyars—landowners –Artisans & merchants –Peasants

38. 988 AD—Grand Prince Vladimir I adopted Christianity & Cyrillic Alphabet 988 AD—Grand Prince Vladimir I adopted Christianity & Cyrillic Alphabet Yaroslav the Wise (1019- 1054) Yaroslav the Wise (1019- 1054) –1 st library of Kiev –Built churches, created 1 st law code

39. http://z.about.com/d/goeasteurope/1/5/T/3/-/-/UkraineStSophia.jpg

41. 1240—Mongols invaded 1240—Mongols invaded 1240—Alexander “Nevsky” defeated Swedes at Neva River 1240—Alexander “Nevsky” defeated Swedes at Neva River 1380—Mucovites (people of Moscow) defeated Mongols at Battle of Kulikovo 1380—Mucovites (people of Moscow) defeated Mongols at Battle of Kulikovo

42. 1493—Ivan III ruler of Moscow refused to pay Mongol taxes, made himself sovereign of all Russia— “Ivan the Great” 1493—Ivan III ruler of Moscow refused to pay Mongol taxes, made himself sovereign of all Russia— “Ivan the Great” Orthodox Church called Russia the “3 rd Rome” Orthodox Church called Russia the “3 rd Rome”

44. Ivan IV “the terrible” Paranoid- mentally unstable Paranoid- mentally unstable Killed his own son Killed his own son Massacre at Novgorod Massacre at Novgorod Took title czar “caesar” Took title czar “caesar”

45. http://www.uoregon.edu/~alayne/Images/st- basil-cathedral-exterior.jpg

46. http://www.uoregon.edu/~kimball/images/repin%20I-4%20ssn.jpg