1. Imperialism

2. On a piece of paper
Explain 2 motives for imperialism

3. What does it mean?
The building of an empire - the domination/control by a stronger nation over one or more weaker ones.
Extension of a nation’s power over other lands

4. “New Imperialism” Beginning circa 1875 Renewed race for colonies
Spurred by needs created by the Industrial Revolution
New markets for finished goods
New sources of raw materials
Nationalism
Colonies = economic and political power

5. Motives
Exploratory
Military
Political
Ideological
Religious
Economic

6. Military British Naval Bases
Aden, Alexandria, Cyprus, Hong Kong, Singapore
Manpower
British – Indian sepoys
French – north African troops

7. Ideological
Belief in Social Darwinism
White Man’s Burden

8. Social Darwinism Only the strong survive
During this period in history, Darwin’s theory of evolution was very popular -Social Darwinism was a theory (which Darwin himself had nothing to do with ) developed from his ideas.
It stated that civilizations, like living creatures, go through an evolutionary process.
Only the strong survive
Powerful nations able to develop areas and resources being “wasted” by native peoples

9. Social Darwinism contd.
European cultures, Social Darwinists believed, were the most advanced on earth, and hence it became the moral ‘duty’ of Europeans to bring others ‘out of the dark ages.’
If the white European nations had a duty to civilize Africa and Asia, they should also govern and guide these people until they could look after themselves, much as parents must look after their children until they grow up. Such an attitude is called PATERNALISM.

10. White Man’s Burden
Whites morally obligated to bring the “blessings of civilization” to “backward” peoples
Cecil Rhodes – imperialism is “philanthropy— plus five percent”

11. “Take up the White Man's burden-- The savage wars of peace-- Fill full the mouth of Famine And bid the sickness cease; And when your goal is nearest The end for others sought, Watch sloth and heathen Folly Bring all your hopes to nought.” - Rudyard Kipling, “White Man’s Burden”

13. Fueled by Racism Racism Increased feelings of white superiority
Eugenics developed as a branch of science

14. Economic Motives Markets for finished goods Sources of raw materials
Products of British Industrial Revolution sold in China and India
Sources of raw materials
Egypt – cotton
Malaya – rubber and tin
Middle East – oil
Capital investments
Profits from Industrial Revolution invested in mines, railroads, etc., in unindustrialized areas

15. Direct v. Indirect Rule
Indirect Rule – allow local rulers to remain in power, yet still answer to the government that had conquered.
Direct Rule: stronger country takes over and runs the weaker country completely
Positions of power held by people from “mother country”

16. Indirect v. Direct Rule INDIRECT DIRECT Used local gov’t officials
Limited self-rule
Goal: develop future leaders
Based on European models but may have local rules
DIRECT
Foreign officials brought in to rule
No self-rule
Goal: assimilation (make them like Europe)
Gov’t based on European model

17. Forms of Rule
Sphere of Influence
Protectorate
Colony

18. Sphere of Influence
Exert considerable pressure on a weaker nation politically and/or economically.
The local govt. may continue to have a limited say in the day to day running of the country.

19. Protectorate
A country that has its own government, but its policies are guided by policies of the imperial power.
‘Somewhat’ accepting of foreign intervention in exchange for military protection

20. Colony Direct control by mother country
Establishment of settlements outside the mother countries borders

21. Great Britain and India

22. WHITE MAN’S BURDEN Social Darwinism Only the strong survive
develop areas and resources being “wasted” by native peoples
Moral responsibility to “civilize”
Paternalism
WHITE MAN’S BURDEN

23. “Take up the White Man's burden-- The savage wars of peace-- Fill full the mouth of Famine And bid the sickness cease; And when your goal is nearest The end for others sought, Watch sloth and heathen Folly Bring all your hopes to nought.” - Rudyard Kipling, “White Man’s Burden”

25. Control of India
Conditions in India
East India Company
Missionaries

26. Sepoy Rebellion
Problem with rifles
Result
British reaction
Legacy

27. Colonial Rule
British Raj
“Jewel in the Crown”
INDIA

28. Colonial Rule Helped modernize the country
Positives
Negatives
Helped modernize the country
Railroads: developed economy & unified regions
Telephone, irrigation, roads, etc
Improved public health & education
Ended warfare between local tribes
Divided country into 11 provinces
Discrimination against Indians
Loss of self-sufficiency
Restricted India’s economy (Agriculture & weaving)
Threatened traditional way of life

29. Nationalism Educated Indian elite Resentment Indian National Congress
Partial of Bengal & Swadeshi Movement
Muslim League