1. African Culture Continued Development of Civilization Agriculture
Crops
Livestock
Ironworking

2. African Culture Importance of Extended Families
Men often had several wives
Multiple generations often lived together
Clan: Could trace ancestry to a common relative
Tribe: Two or more clans with same language, beliefs, and customs

3. African Culture Indigenous Religions Most believed in a Supreme Being
Many also believed in lesser gods
Many lived in fear of vengeful spirits
Animism: Belief in spirits

4. African Culture Islam Entered the culture gradually
Eventually became dominant

5. Early African Empires East: Ethiopia Kush Aksum = Ethiopia Legends
Frumentius
Development of Coptic Christianity
Pressured by Islam
Lalibela

6. Early African Empires West: Ghana Strategically located
Growth of trade brought wealth
Soninke people were main ethnic group

7. Early African Empires West: Mali
King Sunjata built much of this empire
Trade brought wealth
Mansa Musa
Timbuktu
Rulers eventually converted to Islam

8. Early African Empires West: Songhai Founded by Sunni Ali
Overrun by Moroccan forces in 1591

9. Early African Empires Commerce Expansion of Islam Agriculture
Gold Production
Trans-Saharan Caravan Trade
Expansion of Islam
Gradually became more influential religion
Influence of Islamic scholars

10. Growth of Trade in East Africa
East African Cities
Rise of Commercial Cities
Several important cities
Trade with Asian countries
Swahili
A common language of trade
About 35% comes from Arabic
Great Zimbabwe and Kilwa