1. Civil War Timeline

2. Four Main Causes of the Civil War
1860
Four Main Causes of the Civil War
Slavery
Sectionalism
States’
Rights
Secession

3. 1860 Abraham Lincoln elected President in November 1860
South Carolina secedes in December
Followed by Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana and Texas

4. 1861
Attack on Fort Sumter
February- Confederate States of America (CSA) is formed
Jefferson Davis is chosen as President of the CSA
Fort Sumter, SC- first shots fired. War begins
Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina and Arkansas join the Confederacy

5. 1861
Some slave states remained in the Union (neutral). These are known as BORDER STATES
Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware and West Virginia (western counties of Virginia that broke away when they seceded
Robert E. Lee chosen as leader of the Confederate Army

6. 1861

7. Battle Plans
Anaconda Plan- Northern strategy to win the war by cutting off the south from trade and aid from other countries with a naval blockade
South’s plan was to fight a defensive war
North= Union, Yankee, the Bluee
South= Confederacy, Rebels, the Gray

8. Battle of Bull Run Makes Jackson a Hero
1861
Battle of Bull Run Makes Jackson a Hero
Battle of Bull Run
Confederate General “Stonewall” Jackson forced Union forces to retreat
Julia Ward Howe writes “Battle Hymn of the Republic”

9. North vs. South Northern Advantages Southern Advantages
More resources- factories and raw materials
Better military leadership
Larger population to draw on for soldiers
Motivation- fighting for independence and way of life
Better transportation system
Fighting on home turf
More farmland dedicated to food

10. North vs. South Northern Disadvantages Southern Disadvantages
Poor military leadership
Northern blockade hindered trade
Fighting away from home
Inflation- no gold/silver backing of currency
Soldiers lacked motivation
Farmland dedicated to cotton
Smaller population

11. 1862 Monitor vs. Merrimack- first battle of iron ships (ironclads)
Battle of Antietam
1st attempt by the South to invade North
More causalities in one day than any other day in American History
Emancipation Proclamation - order signed by Lincoln freeing all slaves in Confederate states (not including border states)

12. 1863
Siege of Vicksburg-southern city put under siege by Union General Ulysses S. Grant
This northern victory gave the Union control of the Mississippi River splitting the south in two
Battle of Gettysburg-
2nd attempt by the South to invade North
Largest battle in the Western Hemisphere
Turning point of the war

13. 1863
Gettysburg Address- speech made by Lincoln dedicating a military cemetery at Gettysburg
This was his most famous speech. Especially the end where he speaks of a “government of the people, by the people, and for the people.”

14. 1864 Ulysses S. Grant takes charge of the Union army
Only Union General willing to go TO the enemy
Copperheads-northerners against war
Lincoln is reelected
In his 2nd Inaugural Address, he lays out a plan to reconcile with the South
“with malice toward none and charity for all”

15. 1864 Sherman’s March to the Sea Union march through Georgia
Cut the south in half
“Total War”- destroying anything that would help the south keep fighting

16. 1865 Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse
Lee surrenders to Grant
Signals the end of the war
Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth and Ford’s Theatre just a few days after the surrender
Andrew Johnson becomes president
Plans to follow Lincoln’s lenient plan for reconciliation with the south

17. Reconstruction
Refers to the time period after the Civil War when th southern states would be readmitted to the U.S. Some northerners (Radical Republicans) believed that the south should be punished in some way for leaving the union and causing the war. Lincoln had been against that idea.

18. Reconstruction cont’d
When Andrew Johnson tried to follow through with Lincoln’s plans, he angered the Radical Republicans.
They came up with a way to impeach him
Found not guilty and served the rest of his term as president

19. Civil War Amendments 13th Amendment- abolished slavery in the U.S.
14th Amendment- made all citizens born or naturalized in the U.S. citizens (including former slaves)
15th Amendment- stated that citizens could not be stopped from voting because of their race, color or previous servitude

20. Freedman’s Bureau
Federal agency set up to help former slaves after the Civil War
Offered job training, education, etc.

21. Terms
Carpetbaggers- northerners who moved to the south after the war for economic and political gain
Scalawags- southerners who helped carpetbaggers
Conscription- required military service

22. Special Honors
William Carney was the first African American to win the Congressional Medal of Honor
Philip Bazaar was the first Hispanic- American to win the Congressional Medal of Honor
Clara Barton was significant because she treated injured soldiers & went on to found the American Red Cross