1. STUDENT NUMBER: 3557056 BDC332 PRACTICAL FACULTY NOVEMBER 2018
Title
STUDENT NUMBER:
BDC332 PRACTICAL
FACULTY
NOVEMBER 2018
Please use this template to answer your Practical Exam Question. Ensure you have YOUR STUDENT NUMBER on the Title Page and this PowerPoint file is renamed to reflect your student number and the country you analysed. The completed PowerPoint needs to be put onto a computer and you attach your name to the computer. The data includes that downloaded from IUCN Red Data List, DIVA GIS, WWF Ecoregions, Protected Planet, and ESRI. You may add images but please credit/attribute them using an in-text numbering system and a reference list on the final page.
BCB/ESS
Kingdom of Cambodia

2. Introduction location
Prepare a location map using your GIS with a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a figure caption. Your map should include neighbouring countries and their Capital cities. please include an overview map.
Figure 1: A map of Cambodia and its neighbouring countries, along with their respective capital cities

3. Biodiversity description andthreats
As Cambodia emerged from years of conflict, pressures grew on natural resources and sensitive areas. In response, a number of protected areas were created by royal decree in to protect ecologically and culturally important places. More detailed guidelines on managing the country’s protected areas came in the 2008 Protected Areas Law.
Cambodia has 8 terrestrial ecoregions and biodiversity hotspots
By late 2017, Cambodia had almost 50 protected areas. These covered more than 7.5 million hectares – the equivalent of 41 percent of the country’s total land.7 In October it was reported that the environment ministry was preparing to recommend a further six areas for protection
No clearance or building is allowed in the core or conservation zones, and development within the sustainable use or community zones requires government approval. Any development in these areas or in adjacent areas is subject to an environmental and social impact assessment.1
Introduction
Biodiversity Description: In summarized point form describe the country's biodiversity capital (assets) and threats to its biodiversity conservation. YOU MAY USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO EXPLAIN THIS SECTION.

4. Cambodia’s protected areas attract tourists and contain a wealth of resources which, if exploited sustainably, could provide employment and income and contribute to Cambodia’s development.
Deforestation and forest crime is a threat to biodiversity

5. CURRENT PROTECTED AREAS
Methods
Prepare a map of the current Protected Areas Network. The prepared map should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.
Figure 2: A map of the current protected areas within Cambodia

6. CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors
Methods
Prepare a map of Conservation Targets: Identify at least TEN potential conservation targets that are suitable for a national conservation plan for your selected country in the context of their contribution to a global biodiversity conservation strategy. Targets need to be prepared as individual Boolean RASTER distribution maps. Please provide Species Penalty Factors for each Target. YOU WILL USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO SHOW these Conservation Targets. The folder contains zipped files that you select from or you can go to the IUCN Red data website to get other data ( ).
The prepared maps should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.
Figure 3: Distribution of Chromantis samkosensis

7. Figure 4: Distribution of Garrulax ferrarius

8. Figure 5: Distribution of Hylarana faber

9. Figure 6: Distribution of Orthotomus chaktomuk

10. CONSERVATION planning units (ecological)
Methods
Prepare maps representing BOTH SYSTEMATIC and ECOLOGICAL PLANNING UNITS. You should prepare ONE slide for each type of Planning Units and explain how you prepared the Planning Units. The prepared map(s) should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS
Figure 7: Ecological Planning Unit of Cambodia

11. CONSERVATION planning units (Ecological)
The ecological planning unit was recreates in ArcView
The water basin, Terrestrial Eco-Region and Admin 0 file was added as a layer.
The areas that fall outside of the country boundaries was clipped out by using geoprocessing wizard and using the clip one theme based on another.
The input theme was the eco-regions and the polygon overlay was the admin 0 file.
The same was done for the water basins.
The two themes were then merged using the geoprocessing option, Union of two themes.
Methods
Prepare maps representing BOTH SYSTEMATIC and ECOLOGICAL PLANNING UNITS. You should prepare ONE slide for each type of Planning Units and explain how you prepared the Planning Units. The prepared map(s) should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

12. Systematic Planning units
Figure 8: Systematic Planning Units of Cambodia

13. CONSERVATION planning tenure Evaluating Protected areas
Methods
Prepare a Conservation Planning Tenures Map to ASSESS the efficiency of the EXISTING Protected Area Network: This needs to be prepared as a SINGLE ANNOTATED map which should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.
Figure 9: Tenure map of Cambodia

14. CONSERVATION planning Explaining Marxan
Methods
Prepare a Conservation Planning Tenures Map to ASSESS the complement (what needs to be added) to the EXISTING Protected Area Network: This needs to be prepared as a SINGLE ANNOTATED map which should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

15. Systematic CONSERVATION planning Explaining Marxan
Marxan is a planning software for reserve selection.
Used to allocate land and define best places for protected areas.
For analysis, the Marxan software programme was used to create and identify new conservation areas which potentially meet the conservation targets at the minimal costs. It identifies how much of the range needs to be protected. A suitable conservation target was created through a target of 50%. The planning unit layer was selected and the Species Penalty Factor or SPF was 10. The SPF is a value given to a target to include and indicate its importance for the reserve network. The higher the SPF, the more likely it is that the species target is met. The current species distribution layers were then added with a minimum of 15 species. The autofill option was selected to simultaneously add individual SPF and targets to each species. The planning tenure file was added as an optional input tenure layer. The file was then named in the output option.
Methods
Use this slide and simple drawings or flow diagrams to explain the core concepts of MARXAN. You should not use the IDRISI dialogue boxes. Ensure you use proper annotation and include a descriptive caption.

16. Systematic CONSERVATION planning Explaining Marxan
The parameters were then set at 1000 for repeat runs. The run mode was changed to Use only a Heuristic. Threshold was manually selected with a threshold of 1200 with a penalty factor A of 9 and penalty factor B of 2. This was then run until most species were conserved. This analysis should be repeated with future species in order to get the future species distribution. However, Marxan did not run in this study and the current and future species targets and maps could not be generated due to time constraints.
Methods
In summarized point form describe the parameter options you should select for the final RUN of the MARXAN analysis. You may use dialogue boxes to explain this section. (You do not need to run MARXAN as it would take too long to do the runs).

17. Sources of data, attribution and acknowledgements
Dudley, Nigel (ed), Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, 2008
Royal Decree on the Protection of Natural Areas 1993, Articles 1 and 2
Socheat Leakhena San, ‘Indicating Success: Evaluation of Community Protected Areas in Cambodia’, in Sango Mahanty, Jefferson Fox, Michael Nurse, Peter Stephen, and Leslie McLees (eds.), Hanging in the Balance: Equity in Community-Based Natural Resource Management in Asia, RECOFTC (Regional Community Forestry Training Center for Asia and the Pacific), East-West Center, Honolulu, 2006.
References
Ensure you provide full credit to source of information, Programs used, and referencing/attribution of referenced material. You may use more than one slide to prepared this section.