1. Intelligent Environments1 Intelligent Cars Nikhil M. Chakravarthy CSE 6362 Spring 2003 Dr. Lawrence B. Holder, Jr.

2. Intelligent Environments2 Purpose Investigate the motivation of adding Intelligence to a car. Explore problems and solutions. Survey the current state of research. Identify future research trends.

3. Intelligent Environments3 Outline Definitions / Motivation Design Goals Problems / Solutions - Theory Current Industry Solutions Future Trend

4. Intelligent Environments4 Definitions Intelligence An intelligent, incorporeal being, especially an angel. The capacity to acquire and apply knowledge. Artificial Not genuine or natural. Brought about or caused by sociopolitical or other human-generated forces or influences.

5. Intelligent Environments5 Definitions Artificial Intelligence The ability of a computer or other machine to perform those activities that are normally thought to require intelligence. The ability of a man made machine to acquire and apply knowledge.

6. Intelligent Environments6 Motivation Traffic accidents. Military operations. Improve efficiency. Technical challenge. The LAW.

7. Intelligent Environments7 Role Models: Benny and Herbie

8. Intelligent Environments8 Design Goals Increase Safety. Improve Operational Efficiency. Enhance Driving Experience.

9. Intelligent Environments9 Driver Operations Speed Control Ignition. Accelerate. Cruise. Decelerate. Stop. Backup.

10. Intelligent Environments10 Driver Operations Direction Turn left / right. Go Straight. Signals Signal turns. Turn Lights on / off. Sound Horn.

11. Intelligent Environments11 Driver Operations Climate Activate Wipers. Open / Close Windows. Open / Close Vents. Activate Heater / AC / Fan.

12. Intelligent Environments12 Driver Operations Maintenance Refuel. Wash. Service. Abnormal Conditions Breakdown. Accident. Theft.

13. Intelligent Environments13 Occupant Safety Collision Warning Blind spot. Pedestrian. Roll Over. Collision Avoidance Steering. Brakes. Throttle.

14. Intelligent Environments14 Occupant Comfort Driver Assistance Adaptive cruise control. Vehicle Automation Autonomous / Co-operative Low Speed Automation

15. Intelligent Environments15 Issues Vision Night Bad Weather Corners / Up Hill Object Stationary / In Motion Direction / Speed

16. Intelligent Environments16 Solutions Machine Vision Radar GPS + Digital Maps Sensors

17. Intelligent Environments17 Solutions : by-product Sensored Roads. Speed Limit Signs. Lane Markings. Magnetic Referencing. Road Signs.

18. Intelligent Environments18 Research Prototypes Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways. Vision-Based Intelligent Navigator. Distinguishing Objects Using Laser Radar and Vision. Smarter Car. Programmed Intelligence.

19. Intelligent Environments19 Emergency Vehicle Maneuvers and Control Laws High-priority transit to emergency vehicles. Free-flowing and Stopped traffic. Automated Highway Systems. California Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways (PATH).

20. Intelligent Environments20 PATH Architecture.

21. Intelligent Environments21 Vision-Based Intelligent Navigator

22. Intelligent Environments22 State-transition Graph

23. Intelligent Environments23 Distinguishing Objects Using Laser Radar and Vision Scanning Laser Radar (SLR). White Lane Markers. Image Processing. Objects Vehicle Delineator Sign

24. Intelligent Environments24 Distinguishing the Types of Objects

25. Intelligent Environments25 Fuzzy Logic + Neural Net = Smarter Car

26. Intelligent Environments26 Intelligence Vendors Motorola IBM Philips Bosch …

27. Intelligent Environments27 Motorola Digital DNA Automobiles contain 200 to 450 semiconductors worth approximately $165 (Selantek, 1998). By 2001, the content is expected to be worth up to $1,500 per vehicle.

28. Intelligent Environments28 Motorola Digital DNA FlexRay protocol. DaimlerChrysler and BMW Adapting to the User. Intelligence in Silicon.

29. Intelligent Environments29 Motorola mobileGT The mobileGT platform from Motorola is a complete system and alliance, enabling the latest, customized driver information technology. It's a solution providing automakers and tier-one manufacturers a single recognized platform from the automotive semiconductor leader. It's a solution supported by the mobileGT alliance, the major players in the business. With its single 32-bit PowerPC architecture, ultra- reliable real-time OS, and open, scalable Java framework …

30. Intelligent Environments30 Motorola mobileGT Speech Recognition. Graphical User Interface (GUI). Wireless Communications. GPS Navigation. Digital Radio. Web, and Email.

31. Intelligent Environments31 Motorola mobileGT Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) systems. Vehicle immobilization systems. Passive entry systems. Tire Pressure Monitoring System. Anti-Lock Braking Systems.

32. Intelligent Environments32 Motorola eSensor DNA Detection System. Binding properties of DNA and RNA. Electronic circuit element. Detectable electronic signal. Disposable biochip cartridges, detection reagents, electronic biochip reader, software and protocols. Convenient, economically feasible.

33. Intelligent Environments33 IBM Preventive vehicle diagnostics. IBM Blue Octane. Multimedia. Digital Music.

34. Intelligent Environments34 Consumers Toyota Volvo BMW Lexus Nissan Honda Hyundai

35. Intelligent Environments35 Intelligent … Cruise Control Headlights Air Bags Navigation Body Color

36. Intelligent Environments36 Intelligent … Doors Mirrors Locks Tires Temperature Control

37. Intelligent Environments37 Intelligent … Steering Seats Speed Entertainment Air Flow Control

38. Intelligent Environments38 Smart Airbags This fall, more than a third of new cars must, by federal mandate, be able to sense the difference between an adult occupant, a child and an empty seat. Airbags would then only inflate as much as needed. Weight and tension sensors under seats and in seatbelts are the first step, but Siemens, TRW and Motorola are developing lasers, 3-D cameras and electrical fields that can determine occupants' position as well as their size. "The existing technology can determine if someone's in a seat," notes TRW engineer Roger McCurdy, "but the real value will be when airbags determine when someone is out of position -- that's the root cause of injuries. " – Popular Science April 2003

39. Intelligent Environments39 Smart Airbags A ceiling-mounted sensor "sees" who's in the car and inflates airbags to the appropriate size. Illustration by Garry Marshall, Popular Science April 2003.

40. Intelligent Environments40 Future: Riding Cars

41. Intelligent Environments41 Lexus Appeal

42. Intelligent Environments42 The NAME is …

43. Intelligent Environments43 Losers Emergency Road Side Infrastructure. Insurance. Government. Speeding Tickets. Artificial Intelligence. Programmed vs. Learning

44. Intelligent Environments44 Summery Fascination for Intelligent Cars. Problems and Solutions. Commercial Solutions. Technological Infrastructure. Future Research Trends.

45. Intelligent Environments45 Questions?

46. Intelligent Environments46 References Bishop, A Survey of Intelligent Vehicle Applications Worldwide, Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2000. Toy, C.; Leung, K.; Alvarez, L.; Horowitz, R.,Emergency vehicle maneuvers and control laws for automated highway systems, Page(s): 109-119, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Jun 2002, Vol.3, Issue 2

47. Intelligent Environments47 References Kato, S.; Tsugawa, S.; Tokuda, K.; Matsui, T.; Fujii, H., Vehicle control algorithms for cooperative driving with automated vehicles and intervehicle communications, Page(s): 155- 161, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Sep 2002, Vol.3, Issue 3 Shimomura, N.; Fujimoto, K.; Oki, T.; Muro, H., An algorithm for distinguishing the types of objects on the road using laser radar and vision, Page(s): 189- 195, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Sep 2002, Vol.3, Issue 3

48. Intelligent Environments48 References Embrechts, M.J.; DiCesare, F.; Luetzelschwab, M.J.;,Fuzzy logic and neural net control for the Smarter Car, Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 1995. Page(s): 371 -376, IEEE International Conference on 'Intelligent Systems for the 21st Century'., Volume: 1, 22-25 Oct 1995 Miura, J.; Itoh, M.; Shirai, Y., Toward vision-based intelligent navigator: its concept and prototype, Page(s): 136- 146, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Jun 2002, Vol.3, Issue 2

49. Intelligent Environments49 References Moite, S., How smart can a car be?, Page(s): 277 - 279, Proceedings of the Intelligent Vehicles '92 Symposium., 29 Jun-1 Jul 1992

50. Intelligent Environments50 Web References http://www.motorola.com/mot/documents/0,1028,123,00.pdf http://www.businessweek.com/adsections/smartcars/smcaroads.htm http://www.popsci.com/popsci/auto/article/0,12543,434957,00.html http://www.motorola.com/lifesciences/esensor/tech_overview.html http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/forsale/dis136.jpg http://images.amazon.com/images/P/630440123X.01.LZZZZZZZ.jpg http://www.barchetta.cc/All.Ferraris/images/0412/james-bond-a-1.jpg http://www.killermovies.com/images/movies/bond_die1_001.jpg http://dictionary.reference.com/ http://www.spielberg-dreamworks.com/minorityreport/presskit/Tom_Car.jpg http://gamingasylum.topcities.com/screens/movies/minority2.jpg http://ffmedia.ign.com/filmforce/image/haraldbelkerdesign_minorityreportlexus.jpg http://e- www.motorola.com/webapp/sps/site/overview.jsp?nodeId=02M0ylfWcbfM0yrBwp3h #block http://e- www.motorola.com/webapp/sps/site/overview.jsp?nodeId=02M0ylfWcbfM0yrBwp3h #block http://www.studioillustrators.com/Illustrations/Cartoon%20car.jpg