1. Millennium Development Goals (MDG) - (Water Related) South African Perspective & Achievements
Fred van Zyl
11 October 2006

2. Core MDG Water Related Goals Target date: 2015
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger
Target 2: Halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
Implied water involvement – however no water indicator
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
Target 5: Reduce under 5 mortality by 2/3
Implied water involvement (water & health) – however no water indicator
Goal 6: Combat HIV/Aids, Malaria & other diseases
Target 7 & 8: Halted and begun to reverse incidents and spread of HIV/Aids, Malaria & other major diseases
*** Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability ***
Target 9: Integrate principles of sustainable development
Maintain biological diversity (Indicator 26)
Target 10: Halve proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water (Urban & Rural) - (Indicator 30)
Target 10: Halve proportion of people without access to basic & acceptable sanitation services (Urban & Rural) - (Indicator 31)
Only Target 10 directly implied.

3. South African Response
Water supply goal:
Eradicate backlog by 2008 (vs. MDG: halve backlog by 2015)
Developed specific criteria:
25 liters per capita per day (6kl per household per month)
Within 200 meters
Potable water
Secure resource
Secure flow (min 10 liters per minute)
Basic sanitation goal:
Eradicate backlog by 2010 (vs. MDG: halve backlog by 2015)
Clean, safe, healthy, environmentally acceptable and appropriate
Initially dry sanitation – now wet/dry mix with associated implications
No consistent international criteria
E.g. Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya – distance within 2 to 5 km & no specific quality criteria
MDG concern regarding sustainable service delivery.

4. Basic Water Supply Progress MDG Achieved in 2005 (RDP Standards)
1994
2001
2006
Access to
59%
71%
83%
Backlog
41%
29%
17%
59% Improvement
Backlog already halved in 2005
*NB: Figures based on Infrastructure delivery

5. Basic Sanitation Progress (RDP Standards)
1994
2001
2006
Access to (RSA)
(Sub-Sah Afri)
48%
32%(1990)
57%
69%
37%(2004)
Backlog
52%
43%
31%
40% Improvement
MDG: 50% by 2015

6. RSA Malaria Perspective
Year
Number of infections reported
Number of fatalities
2000
62898 to 64622
428 to 459
2001
26209 to 26506
87 to 119
2002
15614 to 15582 96
2003
13057 to 13446
116 to 141
Improvement
Positive impact
2004
13232 to 13399
85 to 89
2005 Jan to Jul
(5351)
(41)
*Variance due to different sources

7. Key Challenges - 1
Reality check regarding achievement of South African goals
Insufficient funding (Requires 400% increase per annum)
Implementation capacity concern (Requires 500% improvement)
Implementation process challenges e.g. Procurement, decision making, insufficient planning
Sustainability
Project comebacks and failures
Present implementation trend
Required target for water supply – 3.6 million people per annum  present trend 1 million
Required target for sanitation – 0.9 million households per annum  present target 0.2 million hh/a  present delivery 0.1 m hh/a
Waterborne sanitation has serious implications: high cost  moving from R3000/hh to R18000/hh with associated increased water requirements & environmental impacts
Moving target – migration, urbanisation, population growth.

8. Key Challenges - 2 Positive issues:
Dedicated and committed program and funding
Drive and focus
Maintain goals (positive driver)
Develop creative and flexible solutions e.g. Interim rudimentary goals, ring fencing of goals
Critical issue: Focus on sustainability
Achievement of MDG:
Water supply on track
Sanitation requires dedicated & disciplined management including clear definition of expectations.

9. Future Perspective Water backlog (1.1 mp/a) Sanitation backlog 2006
3.8 million hh over 5 years = 0.8 mhh/a
400%
2007
3.6 million hh over 4 years = 0.9 mhh/a
450%
2008
3.4 million hh over 3 years = 1.1 mhh/a
500%
8.2 million people over 3 years = 2.7 mp/a
270%
7.1 million over 2 years = 3.6 mp/a
360%
6.1 million over 1 year = 6.1 mp/a
550%

10. Basic Water Supply Delivery Trend R1.8 billion /a
8.3 mil
R12 bil +
2005
2008
2015 ?
Present delivery <1m p/a
2013/14
10 mil
R15 bil +
Potential delivery
(1.1m p/a)
Required trend
(3.6 to 6m p/a)

11. Basic Sanitation Reality Perspective R1.2 billion/a
2005
2008
2015
3.8 mil hh
R12.5 bil (R25 b)
2016
2030
Dry (0.35 m hh/a)
Wet (0.2 m hh/a)
Required trend
(0.9 m hh/a)
Potential delivery
? Present delivery (0.1 m hh/a)