1. Democratic Reform and Activism
Chapter 26
Section 1

2. Key Terms Queen Victoria Suffrage Chartist movement Third Republic
Dreyfuss affair
Anti-Semitism
Zionism

3. Reform Act of 1832
Growing prosperity of the working and middles classes led to demand for goods
1800 landowning aristocrats made up Parliament
Some industrial cities had no representation

4. Reform Act of 1832 Britain wealthy male property owners could vote
Catholics and Jews could hold political office
House of Commons not paid so only wealthy served

5. Reform Act of 1832 British liberals were challenging the old order
People demanded greater political participation
Reform Act of 1832 gave representation in Parliament

6. Reform Act of 1832 Gave the vote to the middle class
Increased eligible voters by 50%
Reduced power of the aristocracy
Only men with a certain amount of property could vote
Prevented many working class from voting

7. Sadler and the Factory Act
Investigate treatment of children in factories
Harmful conditions
Mistreatment
Long hours
Low wages
Passed the Factory Act of 1833
Teenagers could not work more than 12 hours
Children 9-13 had to receive two hours of school

8. Other Reforms 1833 Parliament abolished slavery
Government would compensate slave owners
Passed public health and crime laws to improve living conditions

9. Chartism 1839 Chartists demanded voting rights for all men
Secret ballot
Annual elections
Pay representatives in parliament
Secret ballot prevented intimidation during voting

10. Chartism Parliament rejected their ideas
Turned down the People’s Charter
By the end of the 1800’s many of their reforms had been passed

11. Victorian Era 1837 Queen Victoria
Reign lasted to 1901 longest in British history
Became more democratic during her reign
Government was run primarily by Prime Minister and the Cabinet

12. Disraeli and Gladstone
Benjamin Disraeli- Prime Minister, member of Conservative party
Slow to accept reforms
Wanted to preserve the past
Gladstone was a liberal
More progressive to solving society’s problems

13. Voting Rights for Men Disraeli put forth a new reform bill
1867 one out of every three men could vote
Another bill created the secret ballot
1885 Gladstone pushed a reform bill that extended voting rights even further

14. Women’s Suffrage Suffrage- the right to vote
Women’s rights were raised during the Enlightenment
1800’s women not equals
Could not own property
Not considered legal guardians of their children

15. Women’s Suffrage Queen Victoria against women’s right to vote
“Mad, wicked folly.”
1886 Disraeli argued for women’s right to vote
Said if a women could be queen or own land they should be able to vote

16. Women’s Suffrage Millicent Garrett Fawcett
-lobbied members of Parliament
Signed petitions
Educated the public
Emmeline Pankhurst
Founded Women’s Social and Political Union
“You have to make more noise than everyone else”

17. Women’s Suffrage 1918 Parliament grants the right to vote
Women over the age of 30
1928 women have the same voting rights as men

18. France and Democracy The Third Republic lasted for 60 years
France averaged one government per year
Dozen political parties lobbied for power
1875 National Assembly votes to set up the republic

19. The Dreyfus Affair Controversial court case
1894 Alfred Dreyfus French captain falsely accused of betraying secrets to Germany
Knew he was not guilty
Held a military ceremony to humiliate him

20. The Dreyfus Affair Crowd chanted “kill him”
Evidence suggests another officer was guilty
Second officer was not Jewish
Dreyfus cleared in 1906

21. Dreyfus Affair Divided people in France
Emile Zola-French writer came to his defense
“J’accuse” letter accused the French government of anti-Semitism
Led French courts to reopen the case
Letter set off anti-Semitic riots in 50 towns

22. Dreyfus Affair Important affect on Jewish nationalism
Theodor Herzl-Hungarian born-Jewish journalist who covered the story
Shocked by the anti-Semitism in France
Root of the problem is that Jews did not have a country in Europe

23. Dreyfus Affair 1896 published The Jewish State
Outlined plan for an independent Jewish country
Zionism-Jewish nationalist movement to create a Jewish state in their original homeland
1900’s number of Jewish people returned to their original homeland

24. Rise of Zionism
Russians organized pogroms of violence against the Jews
1880’s Jews fled Eastern Europe
Many headed for the United States
Jews wanted a homeland in Palestine