1. Chapter 9: The Federal Bureaucracy

3. Functions
Rule Application
Rule Interpretation
Rule Initiation

4. Functions (cont) Interest Representation/Advocacy
Systems Maintenance/Support
Conflict Resolution

5. The Role & Legitimacy of Bureaucracy
Core initiative?
Too big
Pushing Agenda
Role of Regulation
Not popular

6. Role of Regulation Too much of a hindrance Party Lines
Protection—environment, workplace, etc.
Dispute about the role of government

7. Civil Servants Top officials often appointed + 3 million Rank & File
+2 million military
+15 million state & local government

8. Structural Organization
15 Departments (p. 225)
Departments of
State, Treasury, Defense, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health & Human Services, Homeland Security, Housing & Urban Development, Transportation, Energy, Education, Veterans Affairs

9. Department Organization
Headed by Secretary
Secretary part of President’s cabinet
Appointed by President
Approved by Senate

10. Department Organization
Undersecretary or Deputy Secretary
Second in charge to Secretary
Main purpose---administrative workload

11. Department Organization
Assistant Secretaries
In Charge of specific programs
Report to the Undersecretary
Have staff assistants

12. Department Organizations
Departments are divided into bureaus
Organized by function, services, clients or geography
Run by Director

13. Department Organization
Below Bureaus
Branches, Services & Sections---Supervisors head and report to directors
Triangle effect

14. Independent Agencies Not cabinet level but do report to the President
Examples: NASA, CIA, EPA

15. Government Corporations
Administer economic enterprises
Part Government
Part Business
Financed by Congress & customers
Examples: Amtrak,FDIC, PBS

16. Independent & Regulatory Commissions
Exist because the need for rulemaking is highly complex & technical
Examples: FTC, FCC, SEC, FEC, FRB

17. Regulatory Agencies (cont)
Quasi-legislative
Quasi-judicial
Hold hearings
Make rules
Resolve disputes
Independent
President cannot unilaterally remove leaders

18. Civil Servants + 3 million Rank & File +2 million military
+15 million state & local government

20. Appointive Positions +2500 appointed by White House Loyalty
Number of appointments has increased
Tenure of those appointed has decreased

21. Appointees Patronage Political Favoritism Spoils System Merit
Pendleton Act of 1883

22. Career Civil Service Office of Personnel Management
Bipartisan Merit Systems Protection Board
18 level General Schedule (GS) salary structure
Service ratings
Hatch Act of 1939 limits political activities of civil service