1. United States HISTORY Chapter 20
Immigrants and Urban Life

2. Section 1: A New Wave of Immigration
Changing Patterns of Immigration
A. New Immigrants
1. old immigrants
a. Late 1800s
b. Came from Britain, Germany, Ireland, Scandinavia

3. escaped political & religious persecution came for new opportunities
2. new immigrants come from southern & eastern Europe
escaped political & religious persecution
came for new opportunities

5. a. area below the ship’s deck b. inexpensive c. hot, cramped quarters
B. Arriving in a New Land
1. steerage
a. area below the ship’s deck
b. inexpensive
c. hot, cramped quarters

6. Steerage quarters-bunks and table.

7. Immigrants on deck getting some fresh air.

9. 2. Ellis Island
a. busiest center on east coast
b. processing center for immigrants
c. disease, legal problems, could be sent back
d. less than 2% not admitted to the U.S.

10. Immigrants first sight of Ellis Island

11. Ellis Island Today

12. Coming off the Boat

13. Immigrants Being Processed

14. Immigrants waiting in a holding area until they are processed

16. a. processing center on west coast
3. Angel Island
a. processing center on west coast
b. only Chinese who had fathers as U.S. citizens could enter

17. Angel Island, San Francisco

18. Angel Island Today

19. Asian Immigrant being tested

20. Adjusting to a New Life
A. Immigrant Neighborhoods
1. moved into neighborhoods with others from the same country: Greek Town, Mexican Town etc.
2. benevolent societies
a. aid organizations
b. helped immigrants in cases of sickness, death, unemployment

21. b. overcrowded apartment buildings c. immigrants crowded in
3. tenements
a. poorly built
b. overcrowded apartment buildings
c. immigrants crowded in

23. Inside a Tenement

24. 4. Amadeo Giannini-San Francisco a. founded the Bank of Italy
b. became largest privately owned bank in the world
Amadeo Giannini merged his bank with another in 1928 and it became the Bank of America.

25. Giannini’s home built in 1901
Giannini’s home built in He moved his bank’s vault into his home after the 1906 earthquake.

26. 1. immigrants work in factories 2. low paying, unskilled labor
B. Finding Work
1. immigrants work in factories
2. low paying, unskilled labor
3. sweatshops
a. workplace with long hours b. unhealthy work conditions
c. clothing industry

27. Working in a Sweat shop

28. Family doing piece work in their tenement

29. Opposition to Immigration
A. Nativists
1. felt too many immigrants coming to U.S.
2. racial & ethnic prejudices
3. immigrants would not assimilate to American ways
4. able to stop immigration from southern & eastern Europe

31. 1. banned Chinese from immigrating to the U.S. for 10 yrs.
B. Chinese Exclusion Act
1. banned Chinese from immigrating to
the U.S. for 10 yrs.
2. 1st time a law banned a nationality
C. Immigration Continues
1. worked for low pay
2. their labor helped industry grow

33. Section 2: The Growth of Cities
Growth of Urban Areas
A. Population Movement
1. immigrants moved to cities
2. farm workers replaced by machines move to cities
3. Af. Am. from South move to northern cities

34. 1. new railroad lines connect East to West 2. run through Chicago
B. Chicago
1. new railroad lines connect East to West
2. run through Chicago
3. Chicago becomes heart of nation’s trade
4. plenty of jobs in slaughter houses & meat packing plants

35. Chicago in the Early 1900s

36. State Street

37. Changing Cities
A. Building Skyscrapers
1. cities have no room for increased pop.
2. Louis Sullivan
a. used steel to build skyscrapers
b. buildings become taller
3. Elisha Otis-patented safety elevator

39. Waldorf Hotel in NYC

40. 1. mass transit-transportation designed to move many people
B. Getting Around
1. mass transit-transportation designed to move many people
2. New York & Chicago build elevated train systems
3. subway-underground railroads
4. suburbs
a. middle class Americans
b. move to outskirts of city

41. C. New Ideas
1. mass culture-activities shared by many
*2. Joseph Pulitzer added color comics to newspapers in 1896
3. department stores-giant retail shops
*4. Frederick Law Olmsted-designed Central Park

42. Campus Martius in the early 1920s
Campus Martius in the early 1920s. Hudsons and Kerns were major department stores in Detroit.

43. Early El Trains

44. Central Park, New York

45. Section 3: City Life Urban Problems A. Overcrowded Cities
1. Jacob Riis
a. photographer
b. exposed horrible conditions of N.Y.C. tenements

46. Jacob Riis
A Danish-American photographer who spent time documenting the living conditions of the tenements to help bring about change.

47. Children Often Slept on the Streets

48. Tenements

49. Coal Miners Home

50. Tenements
Typical of the inside of a tenement apartment. Crowded living conditions with little space.

51. Tenement Street
Tenements were built close together to save space

52. 2. sanitation problems
a. no garbage collection
b. breeding ground for disease
c. Children most vulnerable

53. c. indoor plumbing scarce
3. unsafe conditions
a. no safety standards
b. few or no windows
c. indoor plumbing scarce

54. 4. air pollution from factories
a. Pittsburgh steel mills bellow thick black smoke
b. grime covered everything
5. cities built water purification systems to improve sanitation

55. Pittsburgh Steel Mills
The smoke from the mills was so bad on some days it blocked the sun.

56. Inside the Mills

57. Improving City Life
A. State Tenement House Act
1. passed in 1901 due to Lawrence
Veiller
2. required building to have better ventilation & running water

58. B. Settlement Houses
1. neighborhood centers that offered education, provided recreation & social activities
2. Jane Addams
a. opened Hull House in Chicago
b. focused on immigrant families & their survival
c. worked for reforms

59. Hull House, Chicago

60. Nursery to care for children of immigrant workers

61. a. wrote about sweatshops b. helped convince lawmakers to take action
3. Florence Kelley
a. wrote about sweatshops
b. helped convince lawmakers to take action
c. law passed in 1893 to limit working hours for women & children