1. Dietary Fat Inflames CD4+ T Cell Memory in Obesity
Nicole M. Chapman, Hongbo Chi 
Cell Metabolism 
Volume 25, Issue 3, Pages (March 2017)
DOI: /j.cmet
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Metabolic Stress in Obesity Induces Effector-Memory CD4+ T Cell Responses via the PI3K/Akt Pathway
Despite reducing dendritic cell (DC) activation, high-fat diets (HFDs) provide saturated fatty acids (SFAs) that increase T cell membrane fluidity, subsequently augmenting T cell antigen receptor (TCR) clustering and signaling via the PI3K/Akt pathway upon encountering the cognate peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) molecule. Concurrently, fatty acid oxidation (FAO) of SFAs like palmitate is increased. These alterations promote the acquisition of an effector-memory T (TEM) cell phenotype that allows for trafficking to non-lymphoid tissues and inflammatory sites. Moreover, the downregulation of Sell (which encodes for CD62L) and Ccr7 (which encodes for CCR7) limits TEM cell trafficking to lymphoid tissues.
Cell Metabolism  , DOI: ( /j.cmet )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions